Determining paddy field spatiotemporal distribution and temperature influence using remote sensing in Songnen Plain, Nor
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Determining paddy field spatiotemporal distribution and temperature influence using remote sensing in Songnen Plain, Northeastern China Qin You 1 Received: 21 May 2020 / Accepted: 2 October 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract This study investigates changes in the spatial distributions of paddy fields in the Songnen Plain (China’s largest commodity grain-producing area) using the Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre–Végétation (SPOT VEGETATION) time series product data to simulate the phenological characteristics of paddy rice growth. According to the analysis, the characteristics of paddy fields are different from other vegetation cover around late May (15th 10-day). This difference can be used to improve accuracy in identifying paddy fields. Historical maps (1999–2013) are extracted successfully in this work. Based on the results, a trend map for changes in paddy field areas is generated using a 10-km grid. Based on the verification of paddy field extractions in 2019 using the Project for On-Board Autonomy-Vegetation (PROBA VEGETATION), the trend map is strongly indicative for predicting future spatial distribution changes of paddy fields. These results can be used to provide a reliable theoretical basis for environmental research related to the growth of paddy rice. This study also verifies that paddy rice cultivation is one of the main causes of rising temperatures in the study area. Keywords Vegetation index . Phenological characteristic . Paddy field . Spatial distribution . Temperature . Songnen Plain
Introduction Paddy rice is one of the world’s major food crops and provides a staple food for more than 3.5 billion people globally (Roy and Sharma 2014). Depending on their growth habits, paddy fields are distributed primarily in water-rich regions to ensure irrigation. In fact, 80% of all agricultural water is used to irrigate paddy fields (Shen 2012; You et al. 2018). As paddy cultivation technology has improved and rice prices have increased, there has been a forced trend of glebe regions changing into paddy fields in certain areas (Fan et al. 2014; Yu et al. 2014). Due to surface water shortages, water for paddy field irrigation has been extracted from groundwater, resulting in a reduced groundwater table and increased groundwater pollution
Responsible Editor: Biswajeet Pradhan * Qin You [email protected] 1
1Faculty of Surveying and Prospecting Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
(Imaizumi et al. 2006; Natuhara 2013; Zhao et al. 2010). In addition, greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide, are emitted during paddy field cultivation (Ahmad et al. 2009; Cai et al. 1997). Therefore, a good understanding of paddy field changes will allow informed discussions on regional environmental problems associated with water and the atmosphere to plan reasonable agricultural production structures. Remote-sensing techniques have been widely used to detect changes in paddy fields (Song et al. 2018). The use of hyperspectral remote sensing to deter
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