Determining the Location of UAVs Automatically Using Aerial or Remotely Sensed High-Resolution Images for Intelligent Na
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Determining the Location of UAVs Automatically Using Aerial or Remotely Sensed High-Resolution Images for Intelligent Navigation of UAVs at the Time of Disconnection with GPS Kourosh Hosseini1 • Hamid Ebadi1 • Farshid Farnood Ahmadi2 Received: 7 February 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2020
Abstract Currently, UAVs are being used in various industries increasingly. UAV’s navigation under the conditions in which their GPS signals are disturbed is among the main discussions regarding them. In an attempt to remove this problem, several methods have been presented, which yielded good results in restricted conditions. These methods face the restrictions such as lack of moving object in the imaging range and impossibility of using various reference images, in particular satellite images. In this study, the comprehensive system has been developed that is able to use the satellite, aerial, and UAV georeferenced images as the reference image and determine UAV location by combining reference image with the area elevation model instantly. In this regard, a suitable matching algorithm has been used for matching UAV images with satellite and aerial images, which allows for determining UAV location using any relevant reference image type. According to the presence possibility of moving object in the images taken by airplane and UAV, especially in urban areas that led to error in matching process during positioning, an algorithm has been developed in this system for removing such errors. This system has been tested using aerial and satellite reference data from Bushehr port, Iran. It has been successful to locate UAV over the area with a horizontal difference less than 5 m using the coordinates obtained by UAV’s GPS. Keywords Aerial image Image matching Intelligent navigation Remote sensing UAV
Introduction In recent decades, the use of UAVs has increased significantly. It should be noted that UAVs are now used more efficiently in aerial surveillance, detection, inspections in complicated environmental terms and dangerous missions (Nonami et al. 2010). These UAVs are better solution for studying the environment, especially when urgent action is needed (Nex and Remondino 2014). UAVs are also used in urban areas in addition to the military industries. These applications include crisis management (Erdelj and Natalizio 2016), use in construction projects (Liu et al. 2014),
& Farshid Farnood Ahmadi [email protected] 1
Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
agriculture (Grenzdo¨rffer et al. 2008), and natural resources management (Shahbazi et al. 2014). Currently, they use combination of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interactive Navigation System (INS) for automatic navigation and instantaneous positioning. Although combining these systems often meets the needs of UAVs, it has some disadvanta
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