Determining the time needed for workers to acclimatize to hypoxia
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Determining the time needed for workers to acclimatize to hypoxia Atef M. Ghaleb 1 & Mohamed Z. Ramadan 1 & Ahmed Badwelan 1 & Lamjed Mansour 2 & Jameel Al-Tamimi 2 & Khalid Saad Aljaloud 3 Received: 3 December 2019 / Revised: 27 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 # ISB 2020
Abstract This study aimed to determine the influence of intermittent hypoxia and the days required for a worker to be acclimatized in highaltitude countries. We conducted an experimental study. Ten nonsmoking male students were randomly recruited from King Saud University. Fourteen days of exposure to intermittent normobaric hypoxia (15%) was the independent variable. Heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (RF), minute ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), tidal volume (VT), oxygen uptake (VO2),VO2/kg, VO2/HR, VE/VO2, and VE/VCO2 were the dependent variables. Our results showed that 12 days of exposure to intermittent hypoxia were sufficient for workers to acclimatize to hypoxia based on their respiratory responses (i.e., HR, RF, VE). This type of acclimatization session is very important for workers who are suddenly required to work in such an environment, because prolonged exposure to high altitude without acclimatization leads to cell death due to a lack of oxygen, and this, in turn, puts workers’ lives at risk. Keywords Acclimation . Altitude . Intermittent hypoxia . Respiratory responses
Introduction Increase in the performance of sports in high-altitude countries as well as the tourism and professional tasks led to an increase in altitude sickness. Thus, attention was focused on the effect of hypoxia on the physiological responses of human. A shrill
* Atef M. Ghaleb [email protected] Mohamed Z. Ramadan [email protected] Lamjed Mansour [email protected] Jameel Al-Tamimi [email protected] Khalid Saad Aljaloud [email protected] 1
Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences & Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
exposure to high altitude leads to several physiological and anatomical changes referred to as acclimatization (Porcelli et al. 2017). These changes are primarily reported in patients with altitude sickness given the increase in the sports, business, and tourism (Porcelli et al. 2017). Porcelli et al. (2017) stated that even though a significant number of individuals are exposed to high and moderate altitudes, altitude sojourning still serves as a pathophysiological challenge due to systemic hypoxia; that is, the uptake of oxygen is lower than that of the body requirement. Although the human body has the ability to acclimatize to hypoxia, it can only partially meet the moderate and short oxygen shortages, where hypoxia continues to prevail as a lethal situation, causing an increase in mortality and healthcare expenditures for reha
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