Developing hybrid carbon nanotube- and graphene-enhanced nanocomposite resins for the space launch system
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Developing hybrid carbon nanotube- and graphene-enhanced nanocomposite resins for the space launch system Daniel J. Thomas 1 Received: 2 August 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 / Published online: 7 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract During this research, O2-functionalised graphene nanoplatelets and multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been used to generate a nanoreinforced hybrid nanocomposite polymer. The addition of increasing contents of graphene nanoplatelets resulted in strength increases of over 260% in compression and 190% in tension over that of parent epoxy resin. It has been determined that the percolation threshold of nanomaterials is lower when appropriate high-shear mixing methods are used to disperse the nanomaterials. This research has determined the properties of the matrix material composition and the graphene nanoplatelet concentration aspect ratio and surface treatment method to achieve enhanced properties. The resulting electrically conductive hybrid nanocomposite formulations produced had an optimum concentration of graphene nanoplatelets and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. This research has been used as a demonstrator for the fabrication of advanced adhesive systems for the space launch system. Keywords Nanocomposites . GNP . MWCNT . Graphene . Enhanced composites
1 Introduction Nanostructured polymers, composites and resin systems– based carbon nanomaterials offer a new capability specifically for high-strength low-mass applications [1–3]. Secondary benefits including enhanced electrical performance, higher glass transition temperature and increased thermal conductivity have been measured [4]. Initial work has progressed from working with polyurethane and epoxy resin, towards integrating enhanced matrix products with carbon fibre sheeting [5]. Further avenues for product enhancement include thermal absorption and electrical conductivity properties [6–8]. Early research carried out into carbon nanotube–based composites has progressed into harnessing and optimising the mechanical properties of hybrid formulations. These consist of different concentrations of dissimilar nanoparticles [9]. The objective of this research is to produce enhanced resins, polymers and fibre-based products. This is in order to engineer applications that have improved capability and improved engineering integrity [10]. * Daniel J. Thomas [email protected] 1
Vexon 3D Technologies Cardiff Medical Park, Cardiff, UK
Carbon-filled polymer composites are used in aircraft due to their high-specific (per unit mass) mechanical properties and low relative weight [11]. They are used as structural components in fuselages and control surfaces in subsonic fixedwing aircraft. Epoxy resins are often used as a matrix material in these composites. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are short stacks of individual layers of graphite that often increase the tensile modulus of a composite material and are available at a low cost [12]. Further research into conductive polymer arc
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