Developing National Systems for Research Ethics Education in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
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FOCUS ON EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA
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Developing National Systems for Research Ethics Education in Eastern Europe and Central Asia Mykola Chaschin,1 Tatyana Mishatkina,2,3 Marina Guryleva,4 Svetlana Pustovit,5,6 Feruza Zagirtdinova7 and Bakhyt Sarymsakova8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
National Scientific Center for Medical and Biotechnical Research, National Academy of Science, Kiev, Ukraine National Bioethics Committee of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus International State Sakharov Environmental University, Minsk, Belarus Department of Medical Ethics and Law, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation National Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine National Association on Bioethics, Kiev, Ukraine Tashkent Medical Academy, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan National Scientific Maternity and Childhood Centre, Astana, Kazakhstan
Abstract
This article aims to provide a short overview of research ethics education in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine. It covers the cooperation between these countries in the field of bioethical education and the impact of the Bologna Process on national systems for research ethics education. Special attention is given to the issues of teaching bioethics in graduate and postgraduate programmes and the training of ethics committee members.
Universal ethical values aimed at protecting human rights and dignity are playing an increasing role in the development of biology and medicine in the world today. This has been reflected in the profound social and political changes taking place in the post-Soviet countries. A largely unique body of experience in the sphere of bioethics, and particularly in the field of developing national systems for research ethics education, has been accumulated by the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), which comprises Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine. In October 1994 the fourth World Health Organization (WHO) conference on issues surrounding medical ethics education was held in Geneva; this conference advocated that the coaching of ethics (bioethics) should be mandatory rather than optional. Participants at the conference agreed that medical ethics should become an integral part of medical education and that its coaching should be obligatory and continuous during the entire undergraduate educational process and continue throughout postgraduate
training; therefore all medical schools should have a department of medical ethics, along with an appropriate number of trained experts. 1. Ethics Programme Developments in the Commonwealth of Independent States Following the WHO recommendations, some higher educational facilities in the CIS launched bioethics courses in philosophy, psychology, medical and other faculties. In addition, some bioethical issue
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