Development and characterization of eco-sustainable banana fiber nonwoven material: surface treatment, water absorbency
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Development and characterization of eco-sustainable banana fiber nonwoven material: surface treatment, water absorbency and mechanical properties K. Z. M. Abdul Motaleb
. Rashed Al Mizan . Rimvydas Milasˇius
Received: 29 March 2020 / Accepted: 7 July 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In this study, four types of ecofriendly non-woven materials were developed from different parts of bark and leaf of banana plant i.e. outer bark, middle bark, inner bark (IB) and mid rib (MR) by wet laid web formation. Fibers were extracted chemically by treating with NaOH from all the parts. Due to the very high absorbency of banana fiber, the prepared non-wovens were treated with water repellent (WR) chemical for improving their hydrophobicity. The effects of WR on the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of the non-wovens were also investigated. The hydrophobicities of all the nonwovens were improved remarkably with the concentration of WR. It took 1.25, 2.69, 4.20 and 4.67 h to absorb a drop of water for OB nonwovens at a concentration of 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% WR respectively where, all the untreated nonwovens took almost zero seconds. Just like OB, all other nonwovens followed exactly the same trend. OB nonwoven exhibited the highest tensile strength (TS), Elongation-at-break (EB) and young‘s modulus (YM) of 8.56 Mpa, 12.56% and 215 Mpa respectively where, K. Z. M. A. Motaleb (&) R. Milasˇius Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu˛ 56, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania e-mail: [email protected] R. A. Mizan Department of Textile Engineering, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
IB showed the lowest TS and YM of 1.23 and 67 Mpa respectively and MR showed the lowest EB of 1.77%. Although there were no remarkable effects of WR on tensile properties nevertheless, TS and YM were increased but EB was decreased to a small extent with the concentration of WR. The chemical bonding, morphology of the fiber and nonwovens were also investigated by FTIR and SEM analysis. Keywords Banana fiber Wet-laid nonwoven Surface treatment Water absorbency Mechanical properties
Introduction There is an emerging possibility of eco-sustainable materials especially based on natural fibers, which have been studied thoroughly over the years by numerous scientists. Therefore, understanding the harmful nature of synthetic fibers, researchers are always aware for turning away from them and focusing on the substitute, natural fiber based materials (John and Thomas 2008; Devi et al. 1997; Rao et al. 2010). The products from these fibers have significantly influenced the market with various types of products including nonwovens, composites and packaging materials (Khalfallah et al. 2014; Thwe and Liao 2003; Mohammed et al. 2015; Ilyas et al. 2018;
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Cellulose
Sanyang et al. 2018; Kargarzadeh et al. 2018). Moreover, low density, high specific strength and stiffness, low cost, less absorption of CO2,
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