Development and Status of the Treatment Technology for Acid Mine Drainage
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Development and Status of the Treatment Technology for Acid Mine Drainage Le Tong 1 & Ronggui Fan 2 & Shuangchun Yang 3 & Cunlei Li 3 Received: 14 January 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 # Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration Inc. 2020
Abstract Acid mine drainage (AMD) is difficult to treat due to its physicochemical characteristics, such as high pH and high heavy metal concentrations, so it causes great harm to the environment and human health. If acid mine drainage is discharged arbitrarily without treatment, it will lead to a series of environmental problems and cause long-term environmental pollution. In this paper, the source and hazards of acid mine drainage are introduced in detail. And the principle, the mechanism, the application, and basic information of the current primary technology of the treatment for acid mine drainage are comprehensively introduced and summarized. The summarized treatment technologies for acid mine drainage mainly include neutralization, sulfidization, constructed wetland method, adsorption method, microbiological method, ion exchange method, membrane technology, and microbial fuel cell technology. Also, the primary technology of treatment for acid mine drainage is systematically compared and evaluated. Moreover, some suggestions on the development direction of water treatment technology in the future are put forward. This paper provides a scientific reference for scientific and technical works to treat acid mine drainage. Keywords Acid mine drainage . Neutralization . Wastewater . Sulfidization . Environmental problems
1 Introduction In recent years, the problem of water shortage and environmental pollution has intensified, and the world is facing mounting challenges posed by the intractable problems. With a total water resource of 2.81 × 1012 t, China ranks the 6th in the world, while its per capita water resource occupies the 108th place in
* Le Tong [email protected] Ronggui Fan [email protected] Shuangchun Yang [email protected] Cunlei Li [email protected] 1
School of Mining Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China
2
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China
3
School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113000, China
the world. In the world, China is one of the 21 countries with the most water shortage; the average per capita water availability in China is lower than one-fourth of that of the world average and is one-fifth of America [1]. Mineral resources in the long-term mining process cause the waste of water resources, water pollution, and the tremendous potential safety hazard of water resources [2]. Acid mine drainage is produced in the process of mining and utilization of mineral resources. And the mass concentration of heavy metal ions ranges from a few milligrams to several hundred milligrams per liter, even thousands of milligrams. Heavy metals pollute the water, soil, and air, also which cause some diseases through the tran
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