Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Aloin Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mas
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Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Aloin Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Chris Anagnostopoulos 1 & George Ampadogiannis 1 Received: 30 August 2019 / Accepted: 12 April 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A new simple analytical method was developed for the identification and quantification of aloin in aloe gel. The extraction was performed using acetonitrile acidified with formic acid (1%, v/v) with no additional cleanup step. The compound was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ). The recovery rates obtained were between 80 and 110% with a relative standard deviation < 26%, at four different concentration levels. The calculated limit of quantification (LOQ) was at 0.05 mg kg−1. Keywords Aloin . Method development . LC-MS/MS . Uncertainty . Validation
Introduction The genus Aloe vera are plants which belong to the Xanthorrhoeaceae family (subfamily: Asphodelaceae) with more than 250 species that are cultivated around the world. Aloe vera is a perennial, drought-resisting, succulent plant belonging to the Asphodelaceae family. The name, aloe, is derived from the Arabic “alloeh” or Hebrew “halal” meaning bitter shiny substance (Karkala and Bidya 2014). Aloe vera gel derived from the leaf pulp has many applications in the food and medical industry. In the food industry, Aloe vera products include concentrates, gel fillets, juices, and powders that can be used for the production of jam, jellies, candies, gum, ready-to-drink or soft juices, smoothies yoghurt, curd, and others (Ahlawat and Khatkar 2011). In veterinary medicine, aloe is used as a laxative and human medicine including uses as bitter tonic, eupeptic, and cholagogic agents when given in small doses and as laxatives at higher doses (European Medicine Agency (EMA) 2000). There are several references for the anticancer activity of aloin showing promise for application in cancer treatment in
* Chris Anagnostopoulos [email protected] 1
Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Pesticides’ Residues, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
the future (Li Wan et al. 2017; Ming-Chin Lee et al. 2014; Qin Pan et al. 2013; Kumar et al. 2010). Aloin, aloesin, polysaccharides, aloe-emodin, and aloe essential oil are the most biologically active ingredients of these species (Maryam Akaberia et al. 2016). Various pathogenic microbes are sensitive to different Aloe vera extracts. Inhibitory action has been demonstrated against S. aureus, E. coli (NejatzadehBarandozi 2013), and Helicobacter pylori (L. Celini et al. 2014). Aloe vera extracts exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. The gel from aloe has anti-hyperglycemic and antihypercholesterolemia effects in patients with type 2 diabetes (Ramesh Pothuraju et al. 2016). The anti-inflammatory effect of aloe-emodin was comparable with that of kaempferol and quercetin, indi
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