Development and validation of an analytical model allowing accurate predictions of gamma and electron beam dose distribu
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Development and validation of an analytical model allowing accurate predictions of gamma and electron beam dose distributions in a water medical phantom Safa Elj1 · Ahmed Ben‑Ismail1 · Mohamed Slim Fayache1,2 Received: 16 February 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The aim of this work was to study photon and electron dose distributions in a phantom filled with water using the Monte Carlo Geant4 tool for electron energies ranging from 1 to 21 meV and for photon energies ranging from 1.25 meV to 25 meV, corresponding to conventional radiotherapy Linac energies. The results of the Geant4 calculations were validated based on the relevant experimental data previously published. The results obtained were fitted and analytical models of dose distributions were developed for gamma radiation and electrons. For each of these models, one-dimensional (including dose depth profiles as a function of the depth inside the phantom) and two-dimensional (including the dose distribution as a function of depth and lateral position inside the phantom) dose distributions have been considered. Results are presented for photons and electrons of various energies. The coefficient of determination R2 illustrates an excellent match between the developed analytical model and the Geant4 results. It is demonstrated that the analytical models developed in the present study can be applied in various fields such as those used for calibration applications and radiation therapy. It is concluded that the analytical models developed allow for quick, easy and reliable clinical dose estimates and offer promising alternatives to the standard tools and methods used in radiotherapy for treatment planning. Keywords Geant4 · Analytical model · Dosimetry · Medical applications
Introduction Estimation of absorbed doses in clinical applications of ionizing radiation is important and typically requires sophisticated computing calculations, particularly to optimize the ratio between the dose to the tumour and that to surrounding healthy tissues. Such doses result from direct or indirect sources of ionizing radiation (gamma radiation/electrons). In such applications, obtaining sufficiently accurate absorbed doses to human tissues is a true challenge. Direct measurement of the dose distribution within a patient is nearly impossible. On the other hand, in the case * Safa Elj [email protected] 1
Laboratory on Energy and Matter for Nuclear Sciences Development, LR16CNSTN02, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
2
of radiological treatment, accurate knowledge of the dose distribution within the patient is essential for an optimum treatment outcome and a minimum in unwanted side effects. In some cases, dose prediction can be elaborated based on the studies performed on dedicated medical phantoms: The dose at a re
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