Development of a cylindrical coordinate-based fused filament fabrication machine with multiple print heads
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Development of a cylindrical coordinate-based fused filament fabrication machine with multiple print heads Diogo Líbano Monteiro 1 & Carlos Miguel Santos Vicente 1 António Manuel Relógio Ribeiro 1
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Marco Alexandre de Oliveira Leite 1
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Received: 6 February 2020 / Accepted: 9 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process that is intended to build three-dimensional objects through selective deposition of melted material layer-by-layer along a pre-determined path. In the last few years, the utilization of the FFF technology has grown at a high pace and today its use has become widespread in several applications. In the light of the premises, this work emerges as a technology push effort to develop an innovative FFF machine where cylindrical coordinatebased print motion is combined with multiple print heads. The proposed FFF machine was conceived and designed guided by appropriate methodologies concerning product development, assembly, servicing, and design for AM. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, a physical prototype was produced gathering traditional manufacturing processes with AM. The physical prototype was validated with speed, temperature, and deposition tests. The presented FFF machine presents higher manufacturing versatility due to the possibility of processing different materials (in the same part and in all printing area) with an increased production rate, that enables printing up to three parts simultaneously. Keywords 3D printer . Fused filament fabrication . Cylindrical coordinate systems . Multiple print heads . Design for additive manufacturing
1 Introduction Additive manufacturing (AM) plays an unquestionably important role in the world today. Cited by Forbes, Wohlers Report 2018 [1] states that “in 2017, the AM industry, consisting of all AM products and services worldwide, grew Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05900-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Carlos Miguel Santos Vicente [email protected] Diogo Líbano Monteiro [email protected] Marco Alexandre de Oliveira Leite [email protected] António Manuel Relógio Ribeiro [email protected] 1
IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
21% to $7.336 billion. The growth in 2017 compares to 17.4% growth in 2016 when the industry reached $6.063 billion” [2]. AM contributions extent to several relevant fields such as aerospace, automotive, construction, electronics, energy, tooling, healthcare, and education [3–9]. Besides the importance already achieved by AM at the present time, it is expected that its growth rate will increase in the future [10, 11], encouraged among others by the following factors [12]: major governments are setting up R&D funds for AM development; large corporations are entering the AM market, and new
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