Development of a quartz crystal microbalance biodetector based on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) for glycine
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Development of a quartz crystal microbalance biodetector based on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) for glycine M. S. Hosseini1, A. Iraji zad1,2,*
, M. Vossoughi1,3, and A. Kalantarian1
1
Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 2
Received: 21 May 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 19 August 2020
The performance of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) used as a sensor/ detector relies on the performance and quality of the film coated onto the quartz crystal sensor. This study focuses on the sensor coating preparation for the detection of glycine. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), natural polymers, were coated on a quartz crystal (QC) surface by a spin-coating method. The prepared CNF-coated QC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Raman spectroscopy, and water contact angle (WCA). The stable and fully covered QCs without further modification were then employed for aqueous glycine detection. Detection with a wide concentration range (3–1000 lg/mL) of glycine was studied. The resonance frequency shifts obtained from the samples during each step of the measurement are presented and discussed. The data show a linear range of detection (R2 = 0.9945) for 6–500 lg/mL of glycine and a limit of detection (LOD) of 8 lg/mL. This study indicates that the CNF-coated QCM has a potential application as a biodetector for glycine detection.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction The large specific surface area of nanomaterials has made them good candidates for use in sensors [1–3]. Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) as a natural polymer of this family enables the formation of very strong and dense network structures, owing to the high aspect ratio of the constituent units, with average lengths
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04301-x
and widths in the micro- and nanometer scales [4, 5]. The many hydroxyl groups on the CNF surfaces cause it to be hydrophilic and able to interact with other molecules or to be easily modified by different coupling agents [6–8]. Biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cost are other prominent features of CNF. These significant properties make it a very good candidate for applications in the biological and
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
biomedical fields [8, 9]. Over the past decades, many researchers have focused on applications in drug delivery [10], tissue culture [11], antimicrobial food packaging [12], and biosensors [13]. The study of the behavior of amino acids in aqueous media is an attractive topic for research because water is the natural medium for biological agents [14]. Glycine is the simplest and smallest amino acid in all living ce
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