Development of a superstructure optimization framework for the design of municipal solid waste facilities
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(2020) 30:27
Sustainable Environment Research
RESEARCH
Open Access
Development of a superstructure optimization framework for the design of municipal solid waste facilities Channarong Puchongkawarin*
and Supatpong Mattaraj
Abstract The main objective of this study is to develop a decision-making tool for the design of the optimal municipal solid waste (MSW) facilities based on superstructure optimization. Currently, the disposal of MSW is a major problem due to the lack of awareness of the negative impacts resulting from dumping MSW into the environment. This poses a challenge for the authorities. MSW valorization such as anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, and gasification has been increasingly focused on as an approach when handling MSW to enhance both economic and environmental sustainability. However, with an increasing array of processing technologies, the design of MSW facilities involving the integration of these technologies is becoming tedious and unmanageable. To deal with this problem, superstructure optimization is proposed. It is an effective tool for the design of several chemical processes because it is able to consider all potential process alternatives including the optimal solution using mathematical models based on mass and energy balances. Uncertainty is incorporated into the optimization framework to enhance the robustness of the solution. The proposed methodology was applied in the design process of the MSW facility in Ubon Rathathani Province, Thailand, with the objective function of maximizing the profit. The optimization problem was developed as Mixed Integer Linear Programming and it was solved using an optimization platform, General Algebraic Modeling System, with CPLEX as the solver related to obtaining the optimal solution. The results show there to be as positive profit that is economically viable compared to the use of landfill technology. Keywords: Superstructure optimization, MSW management, Waste valorization, Process design
Introduction Municipal solid waste (MSW) is an undesirable material that is thrown away by households, e.g. packaging, plastic, and food waste, etc. [1]. It is typically collected and disposed of by the municipal authorities. MSW has increasingly become an issue of global concern as the amount of MSW increases. It is reported that the amount of MSW generated worldwide is around 1300 Mt and the generation of MSW is expected to reach 2200 Mt by 2025 [2] as a result of a growing population, urbanization, and changes in life style [3]. Specifically, the MSW generated in Thailand totaled approximate * Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Chemical Engineering, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
27.37 Mt or 1.13 kg capita− 1 d− 1 in 2017 [4]. It has been found that 39% of the total MSW is disposed of appropriately, 34% is reused/recycled, and the remainder is still disposed of incorrectly [5]. Regarding waste reuse/ recycling, waste can be recycled into valuable products, e.g. glass, paper, and plastic. An increase in MSW
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