Development of Bt rice potential for yellow stem borer control
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Development of Bt rice potential for yellow stem borer control Amy Estiati1 Accepted: 26 February 2020 © Korean Society of Crop Science (KSCS) and Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is always threatened by biotic and abiotic stresses. Both stresses can reduce rice productivity and quality. Yellow stem borer (YSB; Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) is one of the biotic stresses and is reported as the most destructive pest of tropical rice insects. The application of pesticides is less effective since the insect larvae live and feed inside the stem, thus inhibiting pesticides to reach the larvae. Planting YSB-resistant cultivars is a good strategy besides environmentally friendly. However, no sufficient level of resistance to YSB has been identified among rice germplasm collection, making the use of conventional breeding methods is difficult. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive bacterium produces insecticidal proteins, Cry toxins that are toxic to YSB. The introduction of cry genes from Bt into rice plants by using genetic engineering has been widely and successfully carried the out. A number of strategies have been conducted to increase the expression level and to prolong the effectiveness of Bt toxins in transgenic rice, including plant codon usageoptimized genes, the use of strong promoters and wound-inducible promoters and gene stacking. Insect bioassays under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions showed that transgenic rice plants harboring and expressing cry genes are highly resistant to YSB compared to the original cultivars from which transgenic plants were developed. Thus, the development of transgenic rice plants harboring and expressing cry genes from Bt is a good strategy to build plant resistance against YSB. Keywords Bacillus thuringiensis · cry · Resistance · Rice · Yellow stem borer
Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop for more than half of the world’s population with globally providing approximately 20% of the calorie intake. Most of the population growth occurs in Asia where people make rice as their staple food (Kubo and Purevdorj 2004; Chatterjee and Mondal 2014). The International Rice Research Institute predicted that 800 million tons of rice will be required in 2025 (Purevdorj and Kubo 2005). Thus, increasing human population has to be in line with rice production to meet food security. Rice supply and demand must be balanced. However, rice production faces many problems that come from biotic and abiotic stresses. Among biotic stresses, insect pests contribute to the decline in rice productivity
* Amy Estiati [email protected] 1
Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jln. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
and quality, among which is yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker). Yellow stem borer (YSB) which is one of Lepidopteran, is a dominant pest in Asia (Renuka et al. 2017). YSB is a pest of deepwater rice and is reported as th
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