Development of cored wires for improving the abrasion wear resistance of austenitic stainless steel
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Development of Cored Wires for Improving the Abrasion Wear Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel S. Dallaire and H. Levert
(Submitted 7 February 1997; in revisedform 7 April 1997) Arc-sprayed coatings are an attractive means to protect components from abrasive wear provided they contain enough hard phases. Because of their hardness and toughness, 316L-TiB2 cermets were selected as the basis for developing wear-resistant coatings. Cored wires composed of type 304 stainless steel sheaths filled with 10 to 65 wt% TiB2, ! to 15 wt% additives, and the balance with 316L stainless steel were fabricated and arc-sprayed with air. The arc-sprayed stainless steel-TiB2 coatings were abrasion tested and the volume loss measured with an optical profilometer. The volume loss decreased as the proportion of TiB2 increased. However, large differences in volume loss between coatings that contain about the same volumetric proportion of hard phases cannot be explained by a linear relationship. An inverse rule of mixing was proposed and found useful in determining the influence of different additives. Tin, added in the core as a fugitive liquid transfer agent, was the most powerful additive for improving the wear resistance of stainless steel-base coatings. These advanced arc-sprayed stainless steel-TiB2 coatings exhibit greater wear resistance than those obtained by arc spraying commercial solid and cored wires.
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Keywords
316Lstainless steel, abrasion wear resistance, arc-spraying,cored wires, "fiB2
1. Introduction Abrasion-wear-resistant coatings can be obtained by arc spraying cored wires containing hard ceramic particles (Ref 16). The abrasive wear resistance of metal-ceramic composite materials increases with the ceramic content. However, the physical limitations of cored wires make it difficult to produce arc-sprayed coatings containing more than 50 vol% ceramic particles. Ceramic content should not be increased at the expense of the metal-matrix toughness, because improvements in wear resistance would not result. This research produced wear-resistant austenitic stainless steel by arc spraying cored wires containing TiB 2. The influence of ceramic content on the abrasion wear resistance of arcsprayed stainless steel-TiB 2 coatings was assessed. The role of additives that can modify the melting behavior and chemistry of cored stainless wires was also studied. These additives can lower or improve the abrasion wear resistance of arc-sprayed stainless steel coatings.
2. Forming of 316L-TiB2 Materials Dense 316L-TiB2 cermets with a Vickers hardness (10 kgf) of 1800 kg/mm 2 and a toughness (Kic) of 8.0 MPax/-~- have been obtained previously by the consolidation of type 316L stainless S. Dallaire and It. Levert, Industrial Materials Institute, National Research Council Canada, 75 de Mortagne, Boucherville, P. Qu6bec, Canada, J4B 6Y4, Fax (514) 641-5105.
456--Volume 6(4) December 1997
steel and TiB2 powders (Ref 7). The densification of powder compacts was ensured by liquid phase sintering. In the Fe-TiB 2 system, the formatio
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