Development of nuclear SNP markers for Mahogany ( Swietenia spp.)
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Development of nuclear SNP markers for Mahogany (Swietenia spp.) Birte Pakull1 · Lasse Schindler1 · Malte Mader1 · Birgit Kersten1 · Celine Blanc‑Jolivet1 · Maike Paulini1 · Maristerra R. Lemes2 · Sheila E. Ward3 · Carlos M. Navarro4 · Stephen Cavers5,8 · Alexandre M. Sebbenn6 · Omar di Dio6 · Erwan Guichoux7 · Bernd Degen1 Received: 6 April 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Swietenia species are the most valuable American tropical timbers and have been heavily overexploited for decades. The three species are listed as either vulnerable or endangered by IUCN and are included on Appendix II of CITES, yet illegal exploitation continues. Here, we used restriction associated DNA sequencing to develop a new set of 120 SNP markers for Swietenia sp., suitable for MassARRAY®iPLEX™ genotyping. These markers can be used for population genetic studies and timber tracking purposes. Keywords SNPs · Mahogany · Swietenia spp. · MassARRAY®iPLEX™ The genus Swietenia includes the species: Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. (Small-leaved mahogany, native to Florida and the Caribbean islands), Swietenia macrophylla King. (Big-leaved mahogany, native to Central and South America) and Swietenia humilis Zucc. (Pacific Coast mahogany, native to the relatively dry Central American Pacific coast) (Schütt et al. 2014). While S. mahagoni is no longer traded Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-020-01162-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Birte Pakull [email protected] 1
Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
2
Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av André Araújo 2936, Manaus, AM 69057‑375, Brazil
3
Mahogany for the Future Inc., San Juan, PR 00928, USA
4
Universidad Nacional, Calle 9, Avenidas 0 y 9, Heredia, Costa Rica
5
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Midlothian, Penicuik, Scotland EH6 0QB, UK
6
Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, CP 1322, São Paulo, SP 01059‑970, Brazil
7
University of Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, 33610 Cestas, France
8
Bush Estate, Midlothian, Penicuik, Scotland EH6 0QB, UK
commercially because of past overexploitation, S. macrophylla is now the most valuable and economically important American tropical timber (Louppe et al. 2008). Swietenia wood is used for high-class furniture, boat building, musical instruments etc. All three mahogany species are listed on CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, Appendix II) and on the IUCN red list, where S. macrophylla and S. humilis are listed as vulnerable and S. mahagoni is classified as endangered. Illegal logging is a major threat to the sustainable use of natural forests. Laws like the European Union Timber Regulation and an amendment of the Lacey Act in the US prohibit the trade of illegally sourced timber. However, existing timber-tracking/chain-of-custody syste
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