Development of organelle single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and their application for the identification of cy
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Development of organelle single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and their application for the identification of cytoplasmic inheritance patterns in Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)* WANG Lu1, #, WANG Junhao1, #, ZHU Yunke1, CUI Zhengcai1, KONG Fanna1, TANG Xianghai1, **, MAO Yunxiang1, 2, ** 1
Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University
2
Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Tropical Marine Bioresource (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries
of China, Qingdao 266003, China and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China Received Aug. 2, 2020; accepted in principle Aug. 26, 2020; accepted for publication Aug. 27, 2020 © Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The genus Pyropia contains several important cultivated species. Genetic research in nori species has mainly focused on the cell nucleus, with few studies on organelles (chloroplast and mitochondria). Due to the high copy numbers of organelles in cells, which influence the development and traits of algae, it is necessary to study their genetic mechanism. In this study, the marine red alga Pyropia yezoensis, an important economic macroalga, was selected as the study object. To investigate organelle (chloroplast and mitochondria) inheritance in P. yezoensis, the wild type RZ (maternal strain) was crossed with the red mutant HT (paternal strain) and 30 color-sectors from 11 F1 gametophytic blades were examined. The complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of the red mutant (HT) were assembled for the first time. One reliable and stable single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci filtrated by bioinformatics analysis was used as a molecular marker for chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA, respectively, in subsequent experiments. PCR amplification and sequence analysis showed that the haplotypes of color-sectors detected were consistent with those of the maternal parent, confirming that both chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were inherited maternally in P. yezoensis. The inheritance pattern of organelles in P. yezoensis can be used to guide the hybridization and breeding of nori. Additionally, the organelle SNP markers developed in this study can be applied in subsequent genetic research. Keyword: Pyropia yezoensis; organelle single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers; chloroplast; mitochondrial; organelle inheritance; maternal inheritance
1 INTRODUCTION The commercially important red algal genus, Pyropia/Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), popularly known as nori and laver, has a high nutritional value, including up to 25%–30% protein by dry weight, vitamins (in particular, B12), and oligosaccharides (Sutherland et al., 2011; Wu et al., 2017). Due to its high nutritional and economic value, nori is widely cultivated in countries such as South Korea, Japan, and China (Sahoo et al., 2002; Blouin et al., 2011). In recent years, crossbreedin
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