Development of PLZT Electroceramics with Ultrahigh Piezoelectric Properties by a Novel Material Engineering Approach
Lead lanthanum zirconium titanate (PLZT) ceramics belong to the family of materials known as smart materials, which can be used as sensors and actuators; however, the high dielectric, ferroelectric (Pr), and piezoelectric (d33 and g33) properties decide t
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Development of PLZT Electroceramics with Ultrahigh Piezoelectric Properties by a Novel Material Engineering Approach A. R. James and Ajeet Kumar
Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Novel Techniques for Material Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High-Energy Mechanochemical Ball Milling (Mechanical Activation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poling of the PLZT Ceramics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phase Analysis and Microstructural Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dielectric Property Studies and Nature of Phase Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ferroelectric Polarization vs. Electric Field Hysteresis Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poling Study for Ultrahigh Piezoelectric Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of Poling Parameters on the Piezoelectric and Dielectric Properties of PLZT 8/60/40 Ceramics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aging in Piezoelectric and Dielectric Properties of PLZT 8/60/40 Ceramics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Piezoelectric Strain vs. Electric Field Hysteresis Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temperature-Dependent Ferroelectric and Electromechanical Properties for the Confirmation of Nature of the Phase Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temperature-Dependent P-E Hysteresis Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temperature-Dependent Electromechanical Coupling Factor of PLZT Ceramics . . . . . . . . . Applications of PLZT Ceramics in the Defense Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy Harvesting Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ring and Stack Actuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondestructive Test (NDT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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