Development of polymeric active layer for RGB light-emitting devices: a review
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Development of polymeric active layer for RGB lightemitting devices: a review Elisa Barbosa de Brito1, Rogerio Valaski2, and Maria de Fa´tima Vieira Marques1,*
1
Instituto de Macromoleculas Professora Eloisa Mano, IMA, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, IMA- UFRJ, Av. Horacio Macedo 2030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil 2 Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Xerém, Brazil
Received: 6 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 1 November 2020
Due to the demand for materials that have promising properties for the electronic device market, the development of new conjugated polymers, where the p bond is responsible for the material’s optoelectronic properties, has attracted the attention of the academic and industrial community owing to the easy processability, which can be performed from a polymeric solution, and to a great potential for the manufacture of devices such as cell phone screens, televisions, light-emitting diodes, and solid-state lighting (SSL). For SSL applications, usually, polymers capable of emitting red, green, and blue (RGB) light bands are used, which combined, generate white light. Thus, this review presents some of the most relevant works that aim at developing RGB devices that can be used for SSL applications.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction The impressive evolution in the synthesis of organic compounds led to the emergence of a promising research line, organic electronics (EO). This area stands out for promoting research in the production and development of electronic devices based on organic semiconductors. The development of organic semiconductors began in the late 1990s. Its discovery led to the awarding of researchers Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa to the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2000 [1, 2]. Organic semiconductors are made up of conjugated organic molecules and are chemically
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04809-2
manipulable materials that exhibit technological interesting electrical and optical properties. The main advantages of this type of material, especially polymeric over inorganic semiconductors, are its low production cost, low density, malleability, flexibility, and ease of forming polymer films [3, 4]. The polymeric semiconductors can be considered electron (n-type semiconductor) or hole (p-type semiconductor) carriers. However, they do not have a well-organized crystal structure. In general, polymer semiconductors have a large number of crystal defects, resulting from their long molecular chains, creating energy traps in the chemical structure. These defects in the structure may also be caused by the
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
degradation process or the development of supramolecular structures [5, 6]. Based on the distribution of these defects in polymer materials, the transport of charges is limited by energy states. Thus, the transport occurs through a hopping mechanism, in which the charge carr
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