Device Architecture and Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Devices
Device Architecture and Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Devices focuses on the design of new device and material concepts for organic light-emitting devices, thereby targeting high current densities and an improved control of the triplet concentratio
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Sarah Schols
Device Architecture and Materials for Organic LightEmitting Devices Targeting High Current Densities and Control of the Triplet Concentration
Sarah Schols Large Area Electronics (LAE) Imec Kapeldreef 75 3000 Leuven, Vlaams Brabant Belgium [email protected]
ISBN 978-94-007-1607-0 e-ISBN 978-94-007-1608-7 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1608-7 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011928673 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover design: VTeX UAB, Lithuania Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
This book is a reprint of the manuscript entitled “Device architecture and materials for organic light-emitting devices”, that was submitted to the jury deciding on the achievement of my PhD at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium. It is the result of five years fascinating research at imec in Leuven, Belgium, between 2004 and 2009. Different people contributed to my work and I want to show gratitude to all of them. First, I would like to thank my two promoters, Prof. Paul Heremans (KUL/imec) and Prof. Robert Mertens (KUL/imec) who gave me the opportunity to start a PhD in an inspiring environment as imec. I am also very grateful to the other PhD jury members who took the time to carefully read my manuscript: Prof. Mark van der Auweraer (KUL), Prof. Jan Engelen (KUL), Prof. Henning Sirringhaus (University of Cambridge), Prof. Uli Lemmer (Universität Karlsruhe) and Prof. Adhemar Bultheel (KUL). My special thanks go to Andrey Kadashchuk for introducing me into the exciting world of spectroscopy and for the many scientific discussions, but of course also all other colleagues of the Polymer and Molecular Electronics group at imec with whom I worked together during my PhD are gratefully acknowledged. Besides, I would like to thank Thilo Stöferle (IBM Research Zurich), Tobias Plötzing (RWTH Aachen) and Thorsten Wahlbrink (AMO GmbH) for the nice collaboration. The FWO is acknowledged for the financial support. Finally, I warmly thank my family for their continuous support and interest in my work. Sarah Schols
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Contents
1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Organic Semiconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Semiconducting Properties of Organic Materials . 1.1.2 Charge Transport in Organic Materials . . . . . . 1.1.3 Optical Transitions in Organic Materials . . . . . 1.2 State of the Art Organic Light-Emitting Devices . . . . . 1.2.1 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.2 Organic Light-Emitting Transistors . . . . . .
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