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J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 2019 (June) 22 (2) : 101 ~ 111 DOI No. 10.1007/s12892-018-0267-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE

Diallelic Analysis of Endogamic Maize Lines with Emphasis on Agronomic Traits of Tassel in Different Environments D Barreta1, M Nardino2*, VA Konflanz3, AJ de Pelegrin1, M Ferrari1, VJ Szareski4, IR Carvalho1, VQ de Souza5, AC de Oliveira1, LC da Maia1 1

Center for Genomics and plant breeding, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil 3 Breeder plants in Company Seeds, Pato Branco, Brazil 4 Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil 5 Federal University of Pampa, Dom Pedrito, RS, Brazil 2

Received: December 19, 2018 / Revised: January 15, 2019 / Accepted: January 21, 2019 Ⓒ Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer 2019

Abstract In maize breeding, diallel crosses are commonly used to identify superior combinations. This methodology aims to estimate the genotypes combining ability. The objective of this study was to quantify the general and specific combining ability effects, as well as the reciprocal effect of 10 elite endogamic lines of maize. A total of 90 experimental hybrid combinations were obtained from diallel crosses, which were evaluated in three growing environments: Pato Branco-PR, Campos Novos-SC, and Frederico Westphalen-RS in the 2012/2013 growing season. The GCA indicates that the parents 7 and 10 are promising for the reduction of plant height, length, and number of tassel ramifications. The parent 5 promotes reduction of plant height and number of tassel ramifications. The parent 6 presents favorable estimates for reducing the length and number of tassel ramifications. The parents that are better combined with others according to GCA for grain yield are 2, 5, 6, and 7. The SCA indicates that hybridization between the parents 2 × 7, 5 × 9, 7 × 8, 2 × 9, 4 × 5, 1 × 5, 5 × 8, and 2 × 8 increases grain yield in the environments of study. Hybrids from the cross 5 × 10 were promising because they presented negative SCA values for plant height reduction. The hybrid combination 1 × 10 presents an estimate for tassel length reduction. The hybrids 5 × 10 and 4 × 6 are the most promising for reducing the number of tassel ramifications. Key words : Zea mays L, diallelic analysis, combining ability, grain yield, tassel

Introduction In maize commercial production, it is essential to achieve hybrids of high yield potential and wide adaptability to be grown in different environments. The effects of genotype x environment interaction reduce the correlation between phenotype and its genotype, limiting the reliability of inferences about genotypes behavior from the point of view of plant breeding and quantitative traits inheritance. In this context, it is extremely important to estimate the magnitudes of genotype x environment interactions to guide and improve breeding strategies, as well as the correct cultivar recommendation based on the genotypes phen