Dietary assessment and patient-perspective reasons for poor adherence to diet and exercise post bariatric surgery
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RESEARCH NOTE
Dietary assessment and patient‑perspective reasons for poor adherence to diet and exercise post bariatric surgery Bandar Saad Assakran1*, Adel Mefleh Widyan2, Najla Abdulaziz Alhumaidan3, Fadiyah Abdullah Alharbi3, Mohammed Abdullah Alhnaya3, Abdullatif Abdullah Aljabali3 and Mohammed Abdulrahman Aleid3
Abstract Objective: Obesity prevalence is increasing, and as an outcome, bariatric procedures are on the rise. Previous articles about bariatric surgery disclosed tremendous results. This study aims to assess eating patterns and identify the reasons behind poor adherence to diet and exercise in postbariatric patients. Results: According to the questionnaire used, the majority (85.5%) of our patients scored “good”, 12% scored “fair”, and only 2% scored “excellent”. None scored “needs improvement”. Fruits had a mean consumption of 1.51 ± 0.79 and vegetables 1.78 ± 0.76. The main reasons for patient nonadherence to healthy eating were low self-discipline (48%), lack of motivation (28%), and availability of healthy food and being too busy to prepare healthy meals, both at 25%. Additionally, 55.9% of the study subjects engaged in physical activity. Lack of time (47%), low self-discipline (38%), and weather (32%) were the primary reasons for not exercising regularly. Keywords: Bariatric surgery, Dietary adherence, Physical activity, Adherence, Barriers Introduction A global epidemic has occurred due to poor dietary choices, high caloric diets, low physical activity, or systemic disease [1]. “Obesity” is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of more than or equal to 30 kg/m2. It is a major health disease that carries a high risk of many chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases [2]. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of obesity is increasing, and it is projected to reach 41% in men and 78% in women by 2022 [3]. Bariatric surgery has shown rising success in the treatment of obesity [4]. It has been the most effective solution for many who have found it ineffective to lose weight through exercise, diet, and other nonsurgical means [4]. *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Bariatric Division, General Surgery Department, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Alnaziyah, P.O. Box 2290, Buraidah, Qassim 52366, Saudi Arabia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Approximately 15,000 bariatric surgeries are performed annually in Saudi Arabia [5]. Antiobesity surgery promotes rapid, significant, and sustainable weight loss along with the remission of obesity-related comorbidities, and it reduces the overall mortality rate by 24.6% [4, 6]. Good compliance with diet and exercise after bariatric surgery is essential to stimulate weight loss, prevent weight gain, avoid malnutrition, and improve quality of life [7]. Sarwer et al. [8] found that postbariatric patients with good dietary adherence were able to lose 28% more of their body weight than those who did not properly adhere. However, a multicenter study of young
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