Dietary nutrient intake related to higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia risk: a Chinese population-based stud
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RESEARCH
Dietary nutrient intake related to higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia risk: a Chinese population‑based study Zhe Wang1, Aimin Yang2, Jing Yang1, Weihong Zhao1, Zhilian Wang1, Wei Wang1, Jintao Wang3, Jinghui Song4, Li Li5, Weiguo Lv6, Dongyan Li1, Huiqiang Liu1, Chen Wang7 and Min Hao1*
Abstract Background: Dietary nutrient intake plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. Few studies have investigated the association between dietary nutrient intake and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) risk in China. Methods: Data on 2304 women from an ongoing cohort comprising 40,000 women from China in 2014 were included. Study randomly selected 218 out of 2304 people as subjects during 2019. All participants were surveyed through in-person interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Clinical data were obtained from physical examinations and laboratory tests. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Nutrition intakes from 26 food sources were calculated using a comprehensive validated database. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the frequency and proportion, and mean and standard deviation of the demographic characteristics. Characteristics were examined for significant differences, and Pearson chi-square tests were used for categoric variables. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for CIN risk in each nutrient intake quartile relative to that in the highest quartile. Results: The food frequency questionnaire exhibited acceptable reproducibility and reasonable validity in assessing nutrient intakes among these women. After adjusting for multiple confounders, several dietary nutrients showed significant associations with CIN2+ risk. Low dietary folate intake was associated with the risk of CIN2+ (first versus fourth quartile: OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.03–2.33). Similar results were also observed for vitamin B6 (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.08–2.46), vitamin C (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.05–2.42), niacin (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.08–2.51), and vitamin K (second versus fourth quartile: OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.05–2.44). Conclusions: Low folate; vitamin B6, C, and K; and niacin intakes were associated with CIN2+ risk. Nutrients may influence the development of higher grade CIN and cervical cancer. Trial registration The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR-ROC-15006479) (https://www. chictr.org.cn). Keywords: Nutrient intake, Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, China, Cross-sectional analysis, Vitamin
*Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Rd, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Background Cervical cancer has serious implications for women’s health, and remains the most common female malignancy in virtually all low-resource countries [1]. Globally, almost 530,000 women experience cervical disease development
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