Different dietary electrolyte balance values on performance, egg, and bone quality of Japanese quail ( Coturnix Coturnix
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Different dietary electrolyte balance values on performance, egg, and bone quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) under heat stress Jessica Moraes Cruvinel 1 & Priscila Michelin Groff Urayama 1 & Tatiane Souza dos Santos 1 & Juliana Célia Denadai 1 & Everton Moreno Muro 1 & Livia Carrasco Dornelas 1 & Guilherme Aguiar Mateus Pasquali 1 & Armando Carlos Contin Neto 1 & Leonardo Henrique Zanetti 1 & Raiumundo Gonçalves Ferreira Netto 1 & José Roberto Sartori 1 & Antonio Celso Pezzato 1 Received: 22 May 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and quality of eggs and bones of Japanese quails that received different dietary electrolyte balance (EB) and were submitted to thermoneutrality or heat stress conditions. Eight hundred Japanese quails of 21 days of age were selected and distributed randomly in two bioclimatic chambers: thermoneutral chamber (23 °C ± 2 °C) and heat-stress chamber (33 °C ± 2 °C). The treatments were in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, with two temperatures and five EB levels (165, 215, 265, 315, 365 mEq/kg) with four replicates of 20 birds each. The productive performance and egg quality (in 3 cycles of 21 days) were measured. At 105 days old, the bone quality was evaluated. Data were analyzed by Minitab, and the means were compared by Tukey’s test and regression test for levels (P < 0.05). Quails submitted to thermoneutrality showed better performance and egg and bone quality. The highest production rate was the EB level of 265 mEq/kg. Low values of EB (165 and 215 mEq/kg) and high values (365) impaired egg quality, and the ideal was 315 mEq/kg. Lower levels of balance provided poor bone density. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that heat stress impairs the production and quality of quail eggs and bones. Furthermore, by using intermediate EB levels (265 and 315) mEq/kg, it is possible to improve egg production and egg quality, and using high levels increases bone mineral density. Keywords Acid-base homeostasis . Bone quality . Bioclimatology . Quail eggs . Quail nutrition
Introduction In the production of quails, the species most used for egg production are Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). These birds have good characteristics such as productive precocity, fast growth, high productivity, and the small space needed to be able to produce on a large scale (Pinto et al. 2002). The production of Japanese quail has shown to be an interesting poultry production (Moraes et al. 2019). However, many factors can interfere with the performance and quality of quail eggs, one of which is the electrolyte * Jessica Moraes Cruvinel [email protected] 1
School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP CEP 18.618-681, Brazil
imbalance (Fischer da Silva et al. 2017). This disorder is due to changes in acid basic homeostasis, characterized by alkalosis
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