Different Effects of Ash Application on the Carbon Mineralization and Microbial Biomass Carbon of Reclaimed Mining Soils
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Different Effects of Ash Application on the Carbon Mineralization and Microbial Biomass Carbon of Reclaimed Mining Soils Akhmad R. Saidy 1,2
&
Afiah Hayati 1 & Meldia Septiana 1
Received: 1 July 2019 / Accepted: 23 January 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Ash resulting from biomass energy resource utilization contains a wide range of metal oxides and hydroxides, which may influence the capacity of the ash to be used as a soil amelioration material. This study aimed to assess the effects of different ashes on changes in soil carbon (C) mineralization and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in reclaimed mining soils (RMSs). Different levels (0, 25, 50, and 75 Mg ha−1) of three ashes (rice husk, oil palm shell, and coal fly ash) were applied to 10-year RMS for a 120-day incubation period. Carbon mineralization was measured over the 120-day incubation period, while MBC and selected chemical properties were quantified at the end of the incubation period. The results of the study showed that the application of rice husk and oil palm shell ash at all levels and coal fly ash at low levels (≤ 25 Mg ha−1) increased C mineralization and MBC. However, the C mineralization and MBC of the soil decreased significantly when the amount of added coal fly ash reached 75 Mg ha−1. These decreases in C mineralization and MBC may be ascribed to the harmful effect of high amounts of coal fly ash on microbial activity and the increased specific surface areas and contents of Ca, Mg, oxalate- and dithionite-extractable iron and aluminum in soil with high amounts of added coal fly ash. This study demonstrates that the application of different types of ash to RMS leads to different C mineralization and soil MBC responses. Keywords Organic carbon stabilization . Decomposition . Iron oxide . Aluminum oxide
1 Introduction Several attempts have been made to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy resources, such as biomass energy sources, in response to concerns about climate change (Bentsen and Felby 2012; Varlas et al. 2017). A result of the use of biomass for energy generation is the production of large amounts of ash during incineration. Ash is frequently considered an unwanted product because of its toxic elements, such as Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Zn, Co, and Cu (Maresca et al. 2018; Munda et al. 2016; Noyce et al. 2016); therefore, large quantities of generated ash are regularly applied for landfills (Careddu et al. 2015; Valentim et al. 2019). Ash also contains major nutrients * Akhmad R. Saidy [email protected] 1
Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Jalan A. Yani KM 36, Simpang Empat Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan 70714, Indonesia
2
Doctoral Program of Agricultural Science, Postgraduate Program Lambung Mangkurat University, Jalan A. Yani KM 36, Simpang Empat Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan 70714, Indonesia
required by plants, except for nitrogen, and has liming properties due to its high contents of metal oxides and hydroxides (Maresca et al. 2019; Qin et al
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