Comparison of the electrochemical properties of activated carbon prepared from woody biomass with different lignin conte
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Comparison of the electrochemical properties of activated carbon prepared from woody biomass with different lignin content Jun‑Ho Choi1 · Jo‑Eun Kim1 · Geon Hae Lim2 · Joah Han2 · Kwang Chul Roh2 · Jae‑Won Lee1 Received: 8 October 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, activated carbon was prepared from lignocellulosic biomass and its electrochemical properties were analyzed and compared. The highest total specific net energy efficiency was 1.12 kW/kg when the mixed softwood (MSW) was ground, while the value was as low as 0.54 kW/kg for logging residue (LOR). The lignin content ranged from 27.38 to 33.43% depending on the biomass type, and the value was the highest for LOR. The activated carbon was prepared by carbonization and activation with KOH. A partially graphitic structure was observed in the MSW by high-resolution transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The activated carbon prepared from MSW and mixed hardwood showed higher specific surface areas (> 1832 m2/g) and micropore volume (> 0.69 cm3/g) than commercial activated carbon (1729 m2/g and 0.64 cm3/g). The gravimetric specific capacitance (17.1 F/cc) and the specific capacitance retention ratio of cycling stability (91.1%) properties were excellent in MSW. However, lignin content was not proportional to the improvement in electrochemical properties.
Introduction Recently, increasing energy demand and the climate change crisis have required the development of renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels (Gao et al. 2017). Among the renewable energy sources, lignocellulosic biomass has drawn a lot of attention due to its abundance as well as carbon neutral, sustainable, and * Jae‑Won Lee [email protected] 1
Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong‑ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Division of Energy and Environmental Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 101, Soho‑ro, Jinju‑si, Gyeongsangnam‑do 52851, Republic of Korea
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Wood Science and Technology
environmental friendly properties. Lignocellulosic biomass consists of three major components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), which have been used to produce biofuel and high-value added products (Han et al. 2018). In particular, ligninrich biomass has been applied to high-value added products such as carbonaceous materials. A few studies have reported that lignin affects electrode material properties when it is used in commercial lignin application (Zhang et al. 2016a; Han et al. 2018). Normal softwood contains 26–32% lignin, hardwood contains 20–28% lignin, while tropic hardwoods have a lignin content exceeding 30%. In addition to lignin content, the structure differs depending on the species and growth region. Therefore, lignocellulosic biomass with these characteristics has sufficient potential as carbonaceous material. Super
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