Different types of physical activity are positively associated with indicators of mental health and psychological wellbe
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Rheumatology INTERNATIONAL
OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH
Different types of physical activity are positively associated with indicators of mental health and psychological wellbeing in rheumatoid arthritis during COVID‑19 Sophia M. Brady1,2,3 · Sally A. M. Fenton1,2,3 · George S. Metsios2,4 · Ailsa Bosworth5 · Joan L. Duda1,3 · George D. Kitas1,2 · Jet J. C. S. Veldhuijzen van Zanten1,2,3 Received: 10 October 2020 / Accepted: 4 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Nationwide lockdowns during SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) can compromise mental health and psychological wellbeing and limit opportunities for physical activity (PA), particularly in clinical populations, such as people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who are considered at risk for COVID-19 complications. This study aimed to investigate associations between PA and sedentary time (ST) with indicators of mental health and wellbeing in RA during COVID-19 lockdown, and examine the moderation effects of self-isolating. 345 RA patients completed an online questionnaire measuring PA (NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study Questionnaire), ST (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form), pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale), fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), depressive and anxious symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and vitality (Subjective Vitality Scale) during the United Kingdom COVID-19 lockdown. Associations between PA and ST with mental health and wellbeing were examined using hierarchical multiple linear regressions. Light PA (LPA) was significantly negatively associated with mental fatigue (β = − .11), depressive symptoms (β = − .14), and positively with vitality (β = .13). Walking was negatively related to physical fatigue (β = − .11) and depressive symptoms (β = − .12) and positively with vitality (β = .15). Exercise was negatively associated with physical (β = − .19) and general (β = − .12) fatigue and depressive symptoms (β = − .09). ST was positively associated with physical fatigue (β = .19). Moderation analyses showed that LPA was related to lower mental fatigue and better vitality in people not self-isolating, and walking with lower physical fatigue in people self-isolating. These findings show the importance of encouraging PA for people with RA during a lockdown period for mental health and wellbeing. Keywords Physical activity · Sedentary behaviour · Mental health · COVID-19 · Self-isolation · Rheumatoid arthritis
Introduction SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) [1]. Unprecedented nationwide restrictions were put in place to limit the spread of the virus. In the United Kingdom (UK), the general population was instructed to only leave their home for basic necessities (i.e. food shopping and medical treatment), Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-020-04751-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jet J. C. S. Veldhuijzen van Zanten veldhujj@
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