Moderate and severe periodontitis are positively associated with metabolic syndrome
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Moderate and severe periodontitis are positively associated with metabolic syndrome Isaac Suzart Gomes-Filho 1 & Izadora da S. C. E. Balinha 1 & Simone S. da Cruz 1,2 & Soraya C. Trindade 1 & Eneida de M. M. Cerqueira 1 & Johelle de S. Passos-Soares 1,3 & Julita Maria F. Coelho 1 & Ana Marice T. Ladeia 4 & Maria Isabel P. Vianna 3 & Alexandre M. Hintz 1 & Teresinha C. de Santana 1 & Pedro P. dos Santos 1 & Ana Claúdia M. G. Figueiredo 5 & Ivana C. O. da Silva 1 & Frank A. Scannapieco 6 & Maurício L. Barreto 7 & Peter M. Loomer 8 Received: 29 August 2020 / Accepted: 17 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objective This study investigated the association between periodontitis severity (exposure) and metabolic syndrome (MetS outcome), using two criteria for diagnosis of the outcome, since this relationship remains unexplored. Materials and methods A case-control study was conducted with 870 individuals: 408 with first MetS diagnosis (cases) and 462 without MetS (controls). Participants’ general information was obtained using a questionnaire and laboratory data was collected from medical records. Periodontitis severity criteria followed the Center for Disease Control and Prevention: none, mild, moderate, and severe. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined by logistic regression analysis. Results Findings showed a positive association between moderate and severe periodontitis and MetS: ORadjusted = 1.64 (95% CI: 1.01 to 2.68) and ORadjusted = 1.94 (95% CI: 1.19 to 3.16), respectively, after adjustment for age, sex, schooling level, smoking habit, and cardiovascular disease. The adjusted measurements showed that among individuals with moderate or severe periodontitis, the probability of having MetS was around two times greater than among those without periodontitis, and that the chance was greater among participants with severe periodontitis than those with moderate periodontitis. Conclusion An association between the severity of periodontal status and MetS was found, suggesting a possible relationship between the two diseases. Clinical relevance MetS influences the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The findings suggest that the greater the severity of periodontitis, the greater is the association magnitude with MetS. The health professional needs to recognize that the importance of periodontal disease may play in MetS. Keywords Periodontitis . Obesity . Diabetes mellitus . Metabolic syndrome X . Epidemiology
Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is related to cardiovascular disease and diabetes; both recognized among the leading cause of
* Isaac Suzart Gomes-Filho [email protected] 1
Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia 44025-010, Brazil
death worldwide [1]. MetS is a group of disorders, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. The magnitude of this health problem, and
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