Differential Expression of Cytokine-Coding Genes among Migraine Patients with and without Aura and Normal Subjects
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Differential Expression of Cytokine-Coding Genes among Migraine Patients with and without Aura and Normal Subjects Mohammad Taheri 1 & Fwad Nicknafs 2 & Omid Hesami 3 & Abdolreza Javadi 4 & Shahram Arsang-Jang 5 & Arezou Sayad 2 & Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard 1 Received: 4 October 2020 / Accepted: 23 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Migraine is a prevalent disorder in humans and represents one of the top 10 causes of years lived with disability. Several genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathobiology of migraine. A number of studies have underscored the role of dysregulated immune reactions. We compared the expression levels IL-2, IL-4, CXCL8, IL-17, IFN-γ, TGF-β and TNF-α cytokines in blood specimens of patients with migraine and those of healthy persons to identify any possible dysregulation in their expression and to propose mechanisms for this disorder. Expression of INF-γ was suggestively higher in migraine cases than in healthy individuals (posterior beta = 0.35, adjusted P value = 0.017). In addition, expression of this cytokine was lower in female subjects than in male subjects (posterior beta = −0.712, adjusted P value = 0.012). Expression of IL-4, TGF-β and TNF-α was also higher in cases compared with controls (posterior beta = 1.34, adjusted P value = 0.04; posterior beta = 0.849, adjusted P value = 0.036; posterior beta = 0.451, adjusted P value = 0.042, respectively). On the other hand, CXCL8 expression was lower in migraine cases than in controls (posterior beta = −0.78, adjusted P value = 0.039). Expression levels of IL-1B, IL-17 and IL-2 were not meaningfully different between cases and controls. The current study highlights the dysregulation of cytokine-coding genes in the blood of patients with migraine. Keywords Migraine . Aura . Cytokine
Introduction Migraine is a frequent disorder with a 1-year prevalence of 4– 9% in males and 11–25% in females in Western countries (Manzoni and Torelli 2003). Globally, this principal source of disability represents one of the top 10 causes of years lived with disability (2015). This type of headache disorder is characterized
* Arezou Sayad [email protected] * Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard [email protected] 1
Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Pathology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
by intermittent occurrence of headache frequently associated with other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia (Yeh et al. 2018). Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been executed to identify the
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