Differential inhibition of gelatinase activity in human colon adenocarcinoma cells by Aloe vera and Aloe arborescens ext
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(2020) 20:379
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Differential inhibition of gelatinase activity in human colon adenocarcinoma cells by Aloe vera and Aloe arborescens extracts Ana Lima, Paula Batista-Santos* , Eduarda Veríssimo, Patrícia Rebelo and Ricardo Boavida Ferreira
Abstract Background: Aloe’s reported bioactivities (anticancer, anti-inflammatory and wound healing) suggest they might inhibit a subgroup of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) called gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). The goal of the present study was to compare the MMP inhibitory potential of two Aloe species, A. vera and A. arborescens. Methods: Different types of extraction were tested and specific bioactive compounds were quantified. Cancer cell invasion inhibitory activities were measured in vitro using the wound healing assay in human colon cancer cells (HT29). Effects on gelatinase activities were further assessed by dye-quenched gelatin and gelatin zymography. Results: Different types of extraction yielded significantly different levels of bioactivities and of bioactive compounds, which might be due to a greater amount of extractable bioactive compounds such as anthraquinones. Both A. arborescens and A. vera have potential as inhibitory agents in cancer cell proliferation via MMP-9 and MMP-2 enzymatic activity inhibition, being able to reduce colon cancer cell proliferation and migration but A. arborescens showed to be a more effective inhibitor of cancer cell migration than A. vera. Conclusion: This work opens novel perspectives on the mode of action of Aloe species in cancer cell migration and may provide clues as to why there are so many conflicting results on Aloe’s activities. Keywords: Aloe, Colon cancer, Inflammation, Gelatinases, Extraction
Background The plant genus Aloe is largely known for its medicinal purposes for many centuries. Its uses are mentioned to as early as in Egyptian papyri, the Dioscorides’ Materia Medica (~ 60 CE) or the Garcia de Orta’s Colloquies (1563 CE in Goa) [1, 2]. Presently, Aloe species account among the most economically important medicinal plants and are commonly used for several ailments, namely anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and immunomodulatory to antimicrobial activities [3–6]. Several studies have revealed the effectiveness of Aloe plants towards * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] Plants for Health and Nutrition, LEAF (Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
various types of cancer, like colon, duodenal, intestinal, lung, kidney pancreatic, liver, and skin, and these works have been confirmed through numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments [7, 8]. Nonetheless, antagonist results arise frequently: whilst many papers described its anticancer properties [7, 8], others surprisingly claim A. vera is indeed carcinogenic over a specific dose [9] or alert that specific compounds present in Aloe may be highly toxic if not ta
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