Differential Susceptibility to the Benefits of Mindful Parenting Depending on Child Dispositional Mindfulness
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Differential Susceptibility to the Benefits of Mindful Parenting Depending on Child Dispositional Mindfulness Esther Calvete 1
&
Joana Gómez-Odriozola 1 & Izaskun Orue 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives Mindful parenting has been proposed as a contributing factor for reducing psychological problems in children. However, mixed results regarding the association between mindful parenting and child psychological problems suggest that the benefits could be moderated by children’s characteristics. This study, based on differential susceptibility to parenting models, aims to examine whether child dispositional mindfulness profiles can moderate the impact of mindful parenting, so that children with a poorer dispositional mindfulness profile benefit more when their parents present a mindful parenting style. Method A total of 348 parents and their adolescent children participated in a two-wave longitudinal study with a 1-year interval. Parents answered measures of mindful parenting (mindful discipline and being in the moment with the child), and children answered measures of dispositional mindfulness, depressive symptoms, aggressive behavior, and peer victimization. The adolescents were classified according to their dispositional mindfulness profiles. Results Mindful discipline predicted reduced depressive symptoms, aggression, and victimization after 1 year, whereas, being with the child only predicted reduced depressive symptoms. The results showed an interaction effect, according to which adolescents with poor dispositional mindfulness (i.e., high scores in observing and low scores in nonjudging and acting with awareness) benefited more from mindful parenting. Conclusions Adolescents with a poor dispositional mindfulness profile benefit the most from mindful parenting. Adolescents with an adequate mindfulness profile tend to show lower levels of aggression and depressive symptoms, regardless of whether their parents exhibit a mindful parenting style. Keywords Mindful parenting . Mindfulness profiles . Adolescents . Dispositional mindfulness . Aggressive behavior . Depression . Victimization
Adolescence is a developmental stage characterized by stressors such as peer victimization (Fite et al. 2019). Peer victimization can occur face to face (Splevins et al. 2014) or via Internet (Tokunaga 2010). As a consequence of victimization, the risk of developing emotional and behavioral problems increases. Thus, many adolescents show depressive symptoms in reaction to experiences of peer victimization (Calvete et al. 2016; Stapinski et al. 2015). Further, a high reciprocity between victimization and perpetration is common, in that victims often responds to victimization with aggression (Kaynak et al. 2015; * Esther Calvete [email protected] 1
Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
Royuela-Colomer et al. 2018). These problems tend to remain over
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