Differential time-lag effects of ambient PM 2.5 and PM 2.5 -bound PAHs on asthma emergency department visits
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Differential time-lag effects of ambient PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound PAHs on asthma emergency department visits Shih-Chang Hsu 1,2 & Jer-Hwa Chang 3,4 & Chon-Lin Lee 5,6,7 & Wen-Cheng Huang 1,2 & Yuan-Pin Hsu 1,2,8 & Chung-Te Liu 8,9,10 & Shio-Shin Jean 1,2 & Shau-Ku Huang 11,12,13,14 & Chin-Wang Hsu 1,2 Received: 15 February 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Epidemiological studies have suggested the effects of ambient fine particles (PM2.5) on asthma, but the effects of specific components of PM2.5 on asthma remain to be explored. Here, we studied the effect of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on asthma acute exacerbation. The data on daily counts of emergency room visits (ERVs) were obtained from Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, from 2012 to 2015. The daily concentrations of PM2.5 and pollutant gases were obtained from a local air quality monitoring station. The levels of PM2.5-bound PAH were estimated by an established grid-scale model. Relative risks for ERVs as the increase in the level of ambient pollutants were calculated by using a generalized additive model of Poisson regression. In the present study, we observed statistically significant positive associations between PM2.5 and asthma ERVs for all age groups. PM2.5-bound PAH was also associated with asthma ERVs for all age groups. In the adult subgroup analysis, there was a significant association between PM2.5-bound PAH and asthma ERVs at lags 1 and 2 (RR 1.289, 95% CI 1.050–1.582 and RR 1.242, 95% CI 1.039–1.485). The impacts of air pollution on the risk of pediatric asthma ERV were found to be significant for PM2.5 at lag day 0 (RR 1.310, 95% CI 1.069–1.606). Moreover, pediatric asthma ERVs were significantly associated with the levels of PM2.5-bound PAH at lag 1 and 2 days (RR 1.576, 95% CI 1.371–1.810 and RR 1.426, 95% CI 1.265–1.607). The study provides evidence that PM2.5-bound PAHs were associated with an increased risk of asthma attacks. Our data further suggested that traffic exhaust is a primary source of PM2.5-bound PAHs. Keywords Asthma . Traffic exhaust . Ambient fine particles . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons . Emergency room visits . PM2.5-bound PAHs
Responsible editor: Lotfi Aleya * Chin-Wang Hsu [email protected]
7
Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
8
Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
9
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
10
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
3
School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
11
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National
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