Differentiating Conscious and Unconscious Eyeblinks for Development of Eyeblink Computer Input System
In this paper, we propose and evaluate a new conscious eyeblink differentiation method, comprising an algorithm that takes into account differences in individuals, for use in a prospective eyeblink user interface. The proposed method uses a frame-splittin
- PDF / 1,088,602 Bytes
- 15 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 0 Downloads / 152 Views
2
Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan [email protected] Department of Information Environment, Tokyo Denki University, 2-1200 Muzai Gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1382, Japan {ohyama,ohi}@mail.dendai.ac.jp 3 College of Science and Engineering, Kanto Gakuin University, 1-50-1 Mutsuurahigashi Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8501, Japan [email protected]
Abstract. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a new conscious eyeblink differentiation method, comprising an algorithm that takes into account differences in individuals, for use in a prospective eyeblink user interface. The proposed method uses a frame-splitting technique that improves the time resolution by splitting a single interlaced image into two fields—even and odd. Measuring eyeblinks with sufficient accuracy using a conventional NTSC video camera (30 fps) is difficult. However, the proposed method uses eyeblink amplitude as well as eyeblink duration as distinction thresholds. Further, the algorithm automatically differentiates eyeblinks by considering individual differences and selecting a large parameter of significance in each user. The results of evaluation experiments conducted using 30 subjects indicate that the proposed method automatically differentiates conscious eyeblinks with an accuracy rate of 83.6 % on average. These results indicate that automatic differentiation of conscious eyeblinks using a conventional video camera incorporated with our proposed method is feasible. Keywords: Eyeblink Eye gaze input waveform Input interface
Voluntary eyeblink
Eyeblink
1 Introduction In general, eyeblinks can be classified as voluntary, reflex, or spontaneous. A voluntary eyeblink occurs consciously, a reflex eyeblink occurs as a result of external factors such as sound and/or light stimuli, and a spontaneous eyeblink is one that occurs unconsciously [1]. If a system was able to distinguish when a user has blinked with a conscious desire to enter information, then we would be able to control a computer device. In other © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2016 Published by Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. All Rights Reserved A. Ebert et al. (Eds.): UsARE 2012/2014, LNCS 9312, pp. 160–174, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45916-5_10
Differentiating Conscious and Unconscious Eyeblinks
161
words, computer control using eyeblinks could be realized if a method that automatically distinguishes conscious eyeblinks from unconscious eyeblinks was available. The results of psychology experiments have shown that the occurrence of eyeblinks is associated with cognitive status. Using this knowledge, a system that measures the state of exhaustion of drivers has been developed [2]. Further, studies have been conducted in an effort to determine whether it can be used as a communication support and assistance system for severely crippled persons such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients [3–5]. Syste
Data Loading...
