Diffusible and volatile organic compounds produced by avocado rhizobacteria exhibit antifungal effects against Fusarium
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BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL PATHOGENESIS - RESEARCH PAPER
Diffusible and volatile organic compounds produced by avocado rhizobacteria exhibit antifungal effects against Fusarium kuroshium Edgar Guevara-Avendaño 1,2 & Karla R. Bravo-Castillo 1,3 & Juan L. Monribot-Villanueva 1 & Ana L. Kiel-Martínez 1 & Mónica Ramírez-Vázquez 1 & José A. Guerrero-Analco 1 & Frédérique Reverchon 4 Received: 18 November 2019 / Accepted: 19 February 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia 2020
Abstract Rhizobacteria emit bioactive metabolites with antifungal properties that could be used for biocontrol of fungal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the potential of diffusible and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by avocado rhizobacteria to inhibit the growth of Fusarium kuroshium, one of the causal agents of Fusarium dieback (FD) in avocado. Three bacterial isolates (INECOL-6004, INECOL-6005, and INECOL-6006), belonging to the Bacillus genus, were selected based on their capacity to inhibit several avocado fungal pathogens, and tested in antagonism assays against F. kuroshium. The three bacterial isolates significantly inhibited F. kuroshium mycelial growth by up to 48%. The composition of bacterial diffusible compounds was characterized by the analysis of EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The three bacterial isolates produced cyclo-lipopeptides belonging to the iturin, fengycin, and surfactin families. The antifungal activity of n-BuOH extracts was larger than that of EtOAc extracts, probably due to the greater relative abundance of fengycin in the former than in the latter. In addition, isolates INECOL-6004 and INECOL6006 significantly inhibited F. kuroshium mycelial growth through VOC emission by up to 69.88%. The analysis of their VOC profiles by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of ketones and pyrazine compounds, particularly of 2-nonanone, which was not detected in the VOC profile of isolate INECOL-6005. These results emphasize the need to further investigate the antifungal activity of each bioactive compound for the development of new formulations against fungal phytopathogens. Keywords Bacillus . Bacterial lipopeptides . Biological control . Fusarium dieback . Persea americana
Responsible Editor: Lucy Seldin Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-020-00249-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * José A. Guerrero-Analco [email protected] * Frédérique Reverchon [email protected] 1
Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
2
Instituto de Agroindustrias, Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, 69000 Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, México
3
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, 94340 Orizaba, Vera
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