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ORIGINAL PAPER

Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Streptomyces spp. and their Antifungal Activity Against Fusarium verticillioides Kiran Marathe1 • Jitendra Naik1 • Vijay Maheshwari2 Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 September 2020  Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract The present study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using haloalkaliphilic Streptomyces spp. characterization, and antifungal activity thereof. The UV visible spectra of synthesized AgNPs showed a characteristic absorption peak at 430 nm, due to the excitation of Surface Plasmon Resonance. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed spherical shape NPs with an average particle size of 16.4 ± 2.2 nm. The crystalline structure of the AgNPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Zeta potential analyses revealed that NPs were negatively charged (- 8.12 ± 3.87 mV). The synthesized AgNPs are significantly active against phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium verticillioides and Ustilago maydis. Microscopic, histo- and bio-chemical investigation of AgNPs against F. verticillioides revealed that AgNPs at 100 lg concentration inhibits the hyphal growth and conidia germination, and * 42.85% reduction of ergosterol biosynthesis. The results of propidium iodide staining and high relative cell membrane conductivity confirmed AgNPs mediated damage to the membrane. Moreover, the AgNPs synthesized by Streptomyces spp. inhibit the growth of F. verticillioides could be due to the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane damage. In our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the anti F. verticillioides activity of AgNPs synthesized by Streptomyces spp. Keywords F. verticillioides  Streptomyces spp  Ergosterol  Silver nanoparticles

Introduction Nanotechnology is a promising field of science which deals with the synthesis and development of different nano-sized (10–100 nm) structures [1]. Nowadays, the synthesis of nanoparticles attracted much more attention due to their large surface-to-volume ratio, which render them highly useful in the fields of medical, electronic, and material science [2]. So far, nanoparticles of silica, selenium, copper, magnesium, gold, and silver have been reported in the field of biomedicine [3, 4], biosensor technology [5], catalytic reduction [6], and bioremediation [7, 8] respectively. & Kiran Marathe [email protected] 1

University Institute of Chemical Technology, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, MS 425001, India

2

School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, MS 425001, India

Of these nanoparticles, most studied are silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to their potential applications in multiple fields [9]. Besides this, AgNPs are found to be excellent antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory agents [9, 10]. Considering biomedical importance, biogenic, nontoxic, sa