Diffusible Signaling Factor, a Quorum-Sensing Molecule, Interferes with and Is Toxic Towards Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
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ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Diffusible Signaling Factor, a Quorum-Sensing Molecule, Interferes with and Is Toxic Towards Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J Mohammed Dwidar 1,2,3 & Hyochan Jang 4 & Naseer Sangwan 1,2,3 & Wonsik Mun 4 & Hansol Im 4 & Sora Yoon 4 & Sooin Choi 4 & Dougu Nam 4 & Robert J. Mitchell 4 Received: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J is a predatory bacterium which lives by predating on other Gram-negative bacteria to obtain the nutrients it needs for replication and survival. Here, we evaluated the effects two classes of bacterial signaling molecules (acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) and diffusible signaling factor (DSF)) have on B. bacteriovorus 109J behavior and viability. While AHLs had a non-significant impact on predation rates, DSF considerably delayed predation and bdelloplast lysis. Subsequent experiments showed that 50 μM DSF also reduced the motility of attack-phase B. bacteriovorus 109J cells by 50% (38.2 ± 14.9 vs. 17 ± 8.9 μm/s). Transcriptomic analyses found that DSF caused genome-wide changes in B. bacteriovorus 109J gene expression patterns during both the attack and intraperiplasmic phases, including the significant downregulation of the flagellum assembly genes and numerous serine protease genes. While the former accounts for the reduced speeds observed, the latter was confirmed experimentally with 50 μM DSF completely blocking protease secretion from attack-phase cells. Additional experiments found that 30% of the total cellular ATP was released into the supernatant when B. bacteriovorus 109J was exposed to 200 μM DSF, implying that this QS molecule negatively impacts membrane integrity. Keywords Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus . Quorum sensing . Diffusible signaling factor . Acyl homoserine lactone . Predation
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01585-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mohammed Dwidar [email protected] * Dougu Nam [email protected] * Robert J. Mitchell [email protected] 1
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
2
Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
3
Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
4
School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a Gram-negative, highly motile bacterium which lives by predating on other Gram-negative bacteria to get the nutrients needed for its growth and survival. Due to its unique lifestyle in the prokaryotic world, and its high potential as a biocontrol agent against harmful bacteria [1, 2], B. bacteriovorus has received a lot of attention during the last two decades, especia
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