Diffusion Coefficient of Tin(II) Methanesulfonate in Ionic Liquid and Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) Solvent
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DUCTION
TIN and alloys of tin has been electrodeposited from electrolytes of Tin(II) salts such as the fluoroborate and sulfate. Both the anions have certain advantages over the other, but a new Tin(II) salt, which is based on methanesulfonate anion, is gathering interest because of its environmental low toxicity and its low oxidation rate to stannic ions.[1] The use of ionic liquid in smaller laboratory-scale electrodeposition was proven to be an effective solvent to reduce the effect of hydrogen evolution reaction; thus, essentially it is crack free and better quality. In addition, reduced overall material and power consumption were reported.[2] Wilkes and Zaworotko[3] reported the first moisturestable, imidazolium-based ionic liquid with tetrafluoroborate or hexafluorophosphate as anions. Later, several ionic liquids based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium, or 1-buty-l-methylpyrrolidinium cations with tetrafluoroborate (BF 4 ), tri-fluoro-methanesulfonate (CF3SO 3 ), bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [(CF3SO2)2N], and tris (tri fluoro methanesulfonyl) methide [(CF3SO2)3C] anions received much attention because of low reactivity against moisture.[4,5] Among the studies carried out on the electrodeposition of Tin(II) in ionic liquids includes the publication by Hussey and Xe,[6] who used AlCl3 mixed in a 1-methly-3-ethyl imidazolium chloride melt. Later, Yang et al.[7] reported the alloy electrodeposition of tin and antimony in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium KOK KEE YANG, M.Sc. Student, M.R. MAHMOUDIAN and MEHDI EBADI, PhD Students, and WAN JEFFREY BASIRUN, Academic/Researcher, are with the Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Contact e-mail: wjeff[email protected] HUN LEE KOAY, PhD Student, is with the Department of Material Science and Engineering, Malaysia University of Science and Technology, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Manuscript submitted March 4, 2011. Article published online August 10, 2011. 1274—VOLUME 42B, DECEMBER 2011
tetrafluoroborate, and Tachikawa et al.[8] reported the electrodeposition of Tin(II) using a hydrophobic ionic liquid, 1-n-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide. In view of the advantages of the air and water stable ionic liquids, we report the voltammetry and chronoamperometry of tin electrodeposition from a mixture of an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium trifluoro- methanesulfonate (BMPOTF) with Tin(II) methane sulfonate in methane sulfonic acid (MSA).
II.
EXPERIMENTAL
The water and air stable ionic liquid BMPOTF (>98 pct purity) and tin methanesulfonate (CH3SO3)2Sn were purchased from Merck (Whitehouse Station, NJ). The experiments were carried out using a conventional three-electrode cell. The working electrode was a copper rod with diameter of 4 mm with an exposed area of 0.1257 cm2. Before each experiment, the copper rod subjected to wet grinding with a SiC-type abrasive paper grade 100, 1000, and 1200 to obtain a smooth finish, followed by cleaning for 10 minutes in ethanol
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