Digital Health for Assessment and Intervention Targeting Tobacco and Cannabis Co-Use
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MOBILE HEALTH (K GARRISON, SECTION EDITOR)
Digital Health for Assessment and Intervention Targeting Tobacco and Cannabis Co-Use Nhung Nguyen 1 & Charlie Nguyen 2 & Johannes Thrul 3
# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review This article aims to summarize current research on digital health for assessment and intervention targeting tobacco and cannabis co-use and to answer the following questions: Which digital tools have been used? Which populations have been targeted? And what are the implications for future research? Recent Findings Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) via text messages or interactive voice response calls has been used to capture co-use patterns within a time window or co-administration of both substances via blunts among young adults. Feasibility of multicomponent interventions targeting dual cessation of both substances among adult co-users with cannabis use disorder, delivered via smartphone apps, online, and computer modules, has been demonstrated. Summary Digital tools, particularly those using EMAs and mobile sensors, should be expanded to assess co-use of emerging tobacco and cannabis products. Digital cessation interventions should be tailored to different groups of co-users and address specific mechanisms underlying different co-use patterns. Keywords Tobacco . Cannabis . Polysubstance use . Digital health . Mobile health
Introduction Co-use of tobacco and cannabis (marijuana) is common worldwide [1–3]. The use of both substances compounds health risks associated with each individual substance [4]. Co-users have worse health outcomes (e.g., mental health, respiratory symptoms) than exclusive users of either substance [5]. Recently, the tobacco landscape has expanded from conventional cigarettes, cigars/cigarillos, hookahs, and smokeless tobacco to eThis article is part of the Topical Collection on Mobile Health Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00317-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Nhung Nguyen [email protected] 1
Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Ave., Suite 366, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
2
Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
3
Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
cigarettes [6]. Likewise, cannabis is available in various forms, including combustible (e.g., joints, pipes, bongs), vaporized, and edible products [7]. In addition, the expanding cannabis legalization for medical and recreational use in the USA may increase acceptance and availability of cannabis [8, 9]. In response to this changing context, research focusing on tobacco and cannabis co-use has ramped up recently [4, 10–12]. Co-use is an “umbrella” term that encompasses at least three patterns of substance use behavior: (1) simultaneous use at the same time (e.g., co-administration via b
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