Dilatancy and liquefaction behaviour of clean sand at wide range of confining stresses
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Dilatancy and liquefaction behaviour of clean sand at wide range of confining stresses GU Lin-lin(顾琳琳)1, WANG Zhen(王振)2, HOSOYA Asa-hiro3, ZHANG Feng(张锋)3 1. Department of Civil Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; 2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; 3. Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 4668555, Japan © Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract: The state of clean sand was mainly dependent on its void ratio (density) and confining stress that greatly influenced the mechanical behavior (compression, dilatancy and liquefaction) of clean sand. Confirming whether the confining stress was a state variable of sand required precise element tests at different confining stress, especially the tests under very low confining stress whose test data were very limited. In this study, static-dynamic characteristics of clean sand was comprehensively investigated by a unified test program under low and normal confining stress ranging from 5 to 98 kPa, under monotonic/cyclic and drained/undrained conditions, together with the literature available data under confining stress of 1.0 to 3.0 MPa. For monotonic loading tests, the contraction/dilation phase transition was observed for loose sand at low confining stress, and dilatancy angles were stress-dependent. In addition, the liquefaction resistance was observed to increase with reducing of confining stress, and the axial strain varied from compressive to dilative when confining stress increased. Special attention was also paid to the enhancement effect of membrane, and it was observed that its influence on the test results was limited. In addition, the experimental results were proved reliable by reproducibility. Key words: void ratio; confining stress; monotonic/cyclic loading; drained/undrained triaxial test; state variable of sand Cite this article as: GU Lin-lin, WANG Zhen, HOSOYA Asa-hiro, ZHANG Feng. Dilatancy and liquefaction behaviour of clean sand at wide range of confining stresses [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2020, 27(8): 2394−2407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-020-4457-0.
1 Introduction Basic factors influencing the mechanical behavior of clean sand had been studied over the years. One of these fundamental factors, or state parameters, was the void ratio, which was usually used to judge the state of sand. For instance, whether sand liquefied or not when subjected to quick vibration loading depended on relative density, confining stress and stress history and so on.
Clean sand exhibited various mechanical properties at different confining stresses. However, the research about the influence of confining stress on compression and liquefaction behavior of clean sand was quite limited, as it was difficult to control and measure in low stress condition. The behavior of soil at low stress level was significant for the design of shallow foundation, s
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