Diminished verbal ability among children conceived through ART with exposure to high serum estradiol in utero
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ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
Diminished verbal ability among children conceived through ART with exposure to high serum estradiol in utero Cheng-Liang Zhou 1,2,3,4 & Gu-Feng Xu 3,4 & Qian Yang 1,2 & Hui-Hui Wang 1,2 & Meng-Xi Guo 1,2 & Yi-Meng Xiong 1,2 & Xiao-Yan Guo 5 & Min Hou 1,2 & Lu-Yang Jin 3,4 & Jian-Zhong Sheng 4,6 & Lin He 7 & Li Jin 1,2 & He-Feng Huang 1,2,3,4,7 Received: 13 January 2020 / Accepted: 17 May 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose Higher serum estradiol levels occur in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) owing to ovarian stimulation. Here, we investigated the association between maternal serum estradiol levels and the intellectual development of offspring conceived with ART. Methods A total of 204 singletons born after fresh embryo transfer were recruited for this cohort study. Among them, 102 children were born from mothers with high serum estradiol levels (> 12,000 pmol/L) on the day that human chorionic gonadotropin was administered. Another 102 children, matched by gestational age and age of the children, were recruited as controls from mothers with low serum estradiol (≤ 12,000 pmol/L). The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence was used to evaluate the intellectual development of the children. Results Children from mothers with higher serum estradiol levels scored lower in the verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) tests and verbal comprehension than children whose mothers had lower estradiol levels. The main difference between the two groups was in verbal subtests including information, vocabulary, and sorting. Partial correlation analysis revealed that the logarithm of maternal serum estradiol level negatively correlated with verbal IQ, performance IQ, and full scale IQ. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that a high maternal serum estradiol level may negatively associate the verbal ability of children conceived via ART. Keywords Assisted reproductive technology . Estradiol . Intelligence quotient . Verbal ability
Introduction Accumulating research suggests that exposure of a fetus to an abnormal environment in the uterus can cause chronic disease in later life [1–4], as has been observed in both human populations and animal models [4–9].
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) was pioneered in 1978 and is now widely used; however, its short- and longterm effects on offspring are not fully understood. Superovulation has been the conventional strategy for ART, but multi-follicle development also generates excessively high hormone levels in maternal serum [10]. Women who undergo
Cheng-Liang Zhou and Gu-Feng Xu consider that the first three authors should be regarded as joint first authors. * Li Jin [email protected]
3
Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
* He-Feng Huang [email protected]
4
Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
5
Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial P
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