Direct chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene on Ni particles using solid carbon sources

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Direct chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene on Ni particles using solid carbon sources Feng Zheng, Ying Liu* , Cai-Li Zhang* Pei-De Han, Yan-Xia Wu, Yu-Cheng Wu

, Jian Wang, Nan Dong,

Received: 13 February 2020 / Revised: 10 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 Ó GRINM Bohan (Beijing) Publishing Co., Ltd 2020

Abstract Graphene has attained a considerable amount of popularity as an attractive ultra-thin reinforcement for nickel (Ni) matrix composites in recent years. However, its excellent reinforcement efficiency is suffered from the agglomeration of graphene nanosheets in manufacturing process and the poor bonding strength of graphene with Ni matrix. To overcome these two problems, one of the efficient strategies is to in-situ grow graphene reinforcements on Ni particles for powder metallurgy. This work aims to synthesize uniform graphene@Ni composite particles by using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the solid sources for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The results demonstrate that few-layer or multilayer graphene with different morphologies can be grown on the particles by controlling the PMMA content and annealed temperature, respectively. The optimum condition for the formation of high-quality few-layer graphene is 1.0 mgml-1 PMMA and 900 °C. A competition mechanism rises from the growth kinetic, and the spatial confinement effect has led to the formation of graphene with different microstructures and morphologies.

Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-020-01610-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. F. Zheng, Y. Liu*, C.-L. Zhang*, J. Wang, N. Dong, P.-D. Han College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China e-mail: [email protected] C.-L. Zhang e-mail: [email protected] Y.-X. Wu, Y.-C. Wu Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

Keywords Graphene; Ni particles; Solid carbon sources; Growth mechanism

1 Introduction Owing to the specific two-dimensional structure and extraordinary mechanical properties, graphene has attracted considerable attention as ideal lightweight reinforcements for the advanced Ni matrix composites [1]. Theoretically, well-dispersed graphene nanosheets not only act as the high strengthening second-phase particles [2], inhibiting the growth of metal grains [3] and promoting the interaction between dislocations and interface [4], but also induce significant particle pullout and crack bridge effects [5]. As a result, the Ni-based composites can be strengthened and toughened by various microstructural effects, including the effective load that transfers from Ni matrix to graphene reinforcements [6, 7], the dispersion strengthening of graphene nanosheets [8], the grain refinement strengthening [9, 10] and the hindered crack propagation [11, 12]. However, the high enhanced efficiency of graphene is being restricted by the aggregation

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