Optimization of Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for Carbon Nanotubes Growth on Stainless Steel: Towards Efficient Hydr
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MRS Advances © 2020 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2020.4
Optimization of Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for Carbon Nanotubes Growth on Stainless Steel: Towards Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Haojie Zhang,1 Juliana Martins de Souza e Silva,1 Cristine Santos de Oliveira,1 Xubin Lu,2 Stefan L. Schweizer,1 A. Wouter Maijenburg,3 Michael Bron,2,* Ralf B. Wehrspohn1,4,* 1
Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany. 2 Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany. 3 Centre for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano®, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, KarlFreiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany 4 Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems (IMWS), Walter-Hülse-Straße 1, Halle (Saale), Germany. * Corresponding authors: [email protected]; [email protected]
ABSTRACT We report a novel strategy to render stainless steel (SS) a more versatile material that is suitable to be used as the substrate for preparing electrodes for efficient hydrogen evolution by interface engineering. Our strategy involves the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) as the interface material on the surface of SS. We optimized the procedure to prepare CNTs/SS and demonstrate a higher activity of the CNTs/SS prepared at 700 oC for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) when compared to samples prepared at other temperatures. This can be attributed to the higher number of defects and the higher content of pyrrolic N obtained at this temperature. Our strategy offers a new approach to employ SS as a substrate for the preparation of highly efficient electrodes and has the potential to be widely used in electrochemistry.
INTRODUCTION Stainless steel (SS) is becoming more and more popular to be used in electrochemical water splitting due to its cost-efficiency and excellent stability.[1] SS can be directly used as an electrode for water splitting. In this case, efforts have been devoted to change the composition and morphology of the SS surface in order to expose more active sites and increase its surface area. For example, Schäfer et al. oxidized the surface of AISI 304 steel with Cl2. The oxidized AISI 304 steel exhibited an enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity.[2] They also electrochemically oxidized Ni42
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steel.[3] These are efficient approaches to improve the OER activity of SS-based electrodes, but the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performances showed only minor improvements. SS can also be used as a substrate for modification with highly active electrocatalysts. For example, Chen et al. pre
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