Direct comparison of laser Doppler flowmetry and laser Doppler imaging for assessment of experimentally-induced inflamma
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Inflammation Research
ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
Direct comparison of laser Doppler flowmetry and laser Doppler imaging for assessment of experimentally-induced inflammation in human skin Lars J. Petersen
Received: 16 June 2013 / Accepted: 17 September 2013 / Published online: 10 October 2013 Ó Springer Basel 2013
Abstract Objective and design Laser Doppler imaging (LDI) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) can measure localized skin perfusion. The purpose of the study was to directly compare LDF with LDI as a tool for measuring skin blood changes in an experimental model of chemically-induced skin inflammation. Methods Regions of interest 1.8 cm2 in area on the forearm skin of eight healthy volunteers were randomized and exposed to 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 2 % topical sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or vehicle for 24 h. Mean blood flow was measured by LDI and LDF at 24, 48, and 72 h. Inflammation was clinically graded using a standardized, clinical score. Results Sodium lauryl sulfate induced significant, dosedependent local inflammation. Both Doppler methods were significantly correlated with the clinical grading (LDF, r = 0.755; LDI, r = 0.836). LDF and LDI showed similar significance differences with regard to dose- and timeresponse patterns compared to the vehicle. The absolute and relative LDF and LDI values were significantly correlated. Conclusions Laser Doppler flowmetry and LDI showed similar dose- and time-response relations in irritantinduced inflammatory skin reactions. For the assessment of
Responsible Editor: Michael J. Parnham. L. J. Petersen (&) Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark e-mail: [email protected] L. J. Petersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
localized skin reactions, LDI possesses no apparent advantages over the less expensive LDF method for grading dermal inflammatory reactions. Keywords Comparative study Dose-response relation Human Inflammation Laser Doppler flowmetry Laser Doppler imaging Reproducibility Skin irritants Sodium lauryl sulfate
Introduction Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and laser Doppler imaging (LDI) have been used for numerous years in clinical and experimental studies to assess skin blood flow. Commercially available LDF instruments were introduced in the late 1980s [1]. LDF offers excellent temporal resolution of local skin blood flow changes and is useful in the measurement of a variety of skin conditions, such as postocclusive reactive hyperemia. However, the single fiber LDF method may be hampered by increased within-skin variation of skin blood flow [2–4]. In comparison, the scanning LDI method offers the opportunity to assess perfusion in a larger area of the skin, which is clinically useful for the assessment of the area of axon reflex vasodilatation or clinical staging of burns [5–7]. LDI is generally considered superior to LDF for the assessment of localized skin reactions due to improved reproducibility; however, only a few direct comparative trials have bee
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