Duplex and Color Doppler Imaging of the Venous System
The book provides a detailed, lucid, up-to-date account of the application of color duplex Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of pathologic conditions of the human venous system. Basic principles of duplex and color Doppler sonography are discussed, and
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Diagnostic Imaging Editors: A. 1. Baert, Leuven K. Sartor, Heidelberg
Springer-V erlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
G.H.Mostbeck (Ed.)
Duplex and Color Doppler Imaging ofthe Venous System With Contributions by M. Baldt· R. Dorffner· F. Fobbe' S. Grampp . N. Gritzmann . C. B. Henk· A. Hollerweger F. Karnel . C. Kollmann . R. Kubale . J. Liskutin . P. Macheiner . M. Merz . G. H. Mostbeck G. Nics . T. Rettenbacher' K.-H. Seitz· G. Strasser' K. Vergesslich· H. P. Weskott T. Zontsich Foreword by
A. 1. Baert With 149 Figures in 294 Separate Illustrations, 136 in Color and 27 Tables
,
Springer
GERHARD H. MOSTBECK, MD Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Baumgartner Hohe mit Pflegezentrum Otto Wagner Spital Sanatoriumstrasse 2 1140Vienna Austria
MEDICAL RADIOLOGY . Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology Series Editors: A. L. Baert· 1. W. Brady· H.-P. Heilmann· M. Molls· K. Sartor Continuation of Handbuch der medizinischen Radiologie Encyclopedia of Medical Radiology ISBN 978-3-642-62181-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Duplex and color doppler imaging of the venous system I G. H. Mostbeck (ed.). p. cm. -- (Medical radiology) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-642-62181-9 ISBN 978-3-642-18589-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-18589-2 1. Blood-vessels--Ultrasonic imaging. 2. Doppler ultrasonography. 3. Blood-vessels--Diseases--Diagnosis. 1. Mostbeck, G. H. (Gerhard H.), 1956- II. Series RC691.6.U47D872003 616.1'307543--dc21 2003042533 This work is subject to copyright. Ali rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitations, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm ar in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
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a PW.Doppler
1.1
Duplex Systems
transmitting & rece iving elomont
The simplest technique for detecting blood flow in real-time is a CW Doppler system consisting of two elements for transmitting the frequency signal continuously lftransmit '" 2-10 MHz) and receiving a frequency signal (freceive) modulated by the Doppler effect according to depth
Llf-- Jreceive .. .. - 2ftransmit C cos ( - Jtransmit -
)
(1)
where Llfis the Doppler shift frequency, v the velocity of the erythrocytes, c=1540 mIs, and a the angle between the incident ultrasound beam and the direction of the blood flow(Fig. l.2a). In the transducer, the two narrow band elements are arranged in a way that both ultrasound beams overlap to provide a small Doppler sample volume. From this volume, the frequency signal of the receiving
