Directional Identification of Sirens and Warnings in a Simulated Driving Task: Comparison of Two Loudspeaker Technologie
The hearing perturbation affecting the elderly called presbycusis is characterized by the degradation of the perception of high tones and impacts the capacity of drivers in localizing warnings and sirens while driving. We present the results of a user stu
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bstract The hearing perturbation affecting the elderly called presbycusis is characterized by the degradation of the perception of high tones and impacts the capacity of drivers in localizing warnings and sirens while driving. We present the results of a user study performed to compare the capacity of traditional and car glass loudspeakers in providing directional alarms inside the car. The experiment compares the number of directional errors and subjective perception of alarms. It was performed in lab, in a real stationary car while the participant was engaged in a driving task on a driving simulator inside the car. Both technologies provide directional sounds with difficulties in perceiving sounds from the back mainly due to the anatomy of the ear as well as the wrap-around shape of the seats. Glass panes performed slightly better than traditional loudspeakers with regard to left/right confusion due to the position next to the ear.
C. Mégard V. Le Guelvouit S. Strachan C. Bolzmacher (&) Sensorial and Ambient Interfaces Laboratory, CEA, LIST, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France e-mail: [email protected] C. Mégard e-mail: [email protected] V. Le Guelvouit e-mail: [email protected] S. Strachan e-mail: [email protected] C. Mercier Centre d’Expertise National des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication pour l’autonomie (CENTICH), 49000 Angers, France e-mail: [email protected] C. Mercier Centre Recherche en Education de Nantes (CREN), Université de Nantes, EA 2661, 44312 Nantes Cedex 3, France © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 N.A. Stanton et al. (eds.), Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 484, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41682-3_65
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Keywords User-centered study Loudspeaker comparison Sound localization Car simulator
Acoustic glass
1 Introduction Security in transportation is a worldwide crucial societal problem. Security of the driving elderly is even more worrisome. Statistics in France indicate that in 2014 elderly drivers aged 75 and over have 1.6 times more chances to be killed on the road than any other car driver. Many factors may lead to these statistics. Reflexes deteriorate with age, medicines may impact vigilance, psychological, sensorial and motor performances deteriorate with age. Visual factors may also contribute to these bad statistics but it is now recognized that a bad hearing can be the cause of accidents by decreasing the capacity of the driver to react to outer events (horns, arrival of firetrucks or Police) in critical situations [1]. The hearing perturbation that affects the elderly is characterized by the progressive bilateral degradation of the audition in the perception and in the processing of high tones [2]. This phenomenon is called presbycusis [3]. Preliminary user studies [4] indicated that presbycusic drivers declared to have difficulties in the identification of the direction of warnings and sirens while driving. This degrad
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