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Malcolm MacLachlan  •  Leslie Swartz Editors

Disability & International Development Towards Inclusive Global Health

Editors Malcolm MacLachlan Centre for Global Health Group & School   of Psychology University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland [email protected]

Leslie Swartz Department of Psychiatry University of Stellenbosch Cape Town Tygerberg 7505 South Africa [email protected]

ISBN 978-0-387-93843-1 e-ISBN 978-0-387-93840-0 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-93840-0 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926304 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in ­connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

We dedicate this book to all those who by reason of their marginalization or social exclusion will not have an opportunity to read it.

Foreword

Until fairly recently, the fields of disability studies and international development were viewed as completely separate. Much of what we know about disability and contemporary approaches to disability was researched and written about in wealthier countries, and it remains true to say that the major debates about disability are dominated by people in such countries. In the international development world, furthermore, the issue of disability was almost completely ignored. Plans for economic development and empowerment of the poorest of the poor in lower-income settings rarely considered issues faced specifically by disabled people. There is an enormous irony to this situation. We know that the vast majority of disabled people live in low and middle income countries. We also know that there are strong links between disability and poverty worldwide. Disabled people are less likely to be adequately skilled for the workplace, they are more likely to be denied access to work because of prejudice and stigma, and disability itself is costly. Particularly in countries where the state does not provide adequate services and care (and this is the case in most countries in the world), disabled people and their families bear an enormous burden of care and loss of opportunity to work because of care burdens. Many conditions in the majority world, including war, internal displacement, communicable diseases (including HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis), parasiti