Dispersion and Damage of Carbon Nanotubes in Carbon Nanotube/7055Al Composites During High-Energy Ball Milling Process
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Dispersion and Damage of Carbon Nanotubes in Carbon Nanotube/7055Al Composites During High‑Energy Ball Milling Process S. Bi1,2 · B. L. Xiao1 · Z. H. Ji1,2 · B. S. Liu3 · Z. Y. Liu1 · Z. Y. Ma1 Received: 9 April 2020 / Revised: 28 June 2020 / Accepted: 7 July 2020 © The Chinese Society for Metals (CSM) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract High-energy ball milling (HEBM) combined with powder metallurgy route was used to fabricate carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced 7055Al composites. Two powder morphology evolution processes (HEBM-1 and HEBM-2) were designed to investigate the dispersion and damage of CNTs during HEBM process. HEBM-1 evolution process involved powder flattening, cold-welding and fracture, while HEBM-2 evolution process consisted of powder flattening and fracture. For HEBM-1, the repetitive fracture and cold-welding process was effective for dispersing CNTs. However, the powder flattening process in HEBM-2 was unsuccessful in dispersing CNTs due to two reasons: (1) the thickness of flaky Al powders exceeded the critical value, and (2) the clustered CNTs embedded in flaky Al powders could not be unravelled. Because of the broadening of D band and the appearance of a new defect-related D’ band, product of ID/IG and full width half maximum of D band, rather than ID/IG, was used to evaluate the actual damage of CNTs. It indicates that the damage of CNTs was severe in powder flattening and fracture stages, while the damage of CNTs was small in powder cold-welding stage. Keywords Metal matrix composites · Carbon nanotubes · Powder evolution · Dispersion and damage · Powder metallurgy
1 Introduction Aluminium matrix composites are widely used in aerospace and automobile industries for their high modulus, good dimensional stability, wear resistance, etc. [1–4]. Among them, carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced aluminium matrix (CNT/Al) composites have attracted great interest for industrial application in the past decade owing to the superior mechanical properties of CNTs [5–7]. However, fabrication of the CNT/Al composites with good mechanical properties is challenging because CNTs are apt to agglomerate Available online at https://link.springer.com/journal/40195. * Z. Y. Liu [email protected] 1
Shi‑changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
2
School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
3
AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing 100024, China
and suffer damage during dispersion process [8–10]. Also, damaged CNTs easily react with aluminium during sintering process, reducing their strengthening effects [11, 12]. Various preparation methods like solution-assisted wet mixing [13], flake powder metallurgy [14], molecular level mixing [15, 16] or in situ chemical vapour deposition (CVD) [17, 18] have provided good solutions for dispersion with slight damage to CNTs. In th
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