Dissolution of Platinum in Hydrochloric Acid Under Industrial-Scale Alternating Current Polarization
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tinum is one of the most expensive metals used in various fields of technology, such as radio and auto equipment, medicine, and other chemical industries, as both a catalyst and a corrosion-resistant metal. The creation of new ways of processing platinum-containing secondary raw materials is an important problem to be addressed. Many processes, including the production of catalysts, require the use of chloroplatinic acid, which is synthesized by dissolving platinum using both chemical and electrochemical methods. However, these processes have significant technological difficulties, since platinum does not readily dissolve in acids and dissolves slowly in hot sulfuric acid and aqua regia. At the same time, it essentially does not interact with other mineral and organic acids.
B.E. MYRZABEKOV, A.B. BAYESHOV, and A.B. MAKHANBETOV are with the D.V. Sokolsky Inst. of Fuel, Catalysis and Electrochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050010. B. MISHRA is with the Mechanical Engineering, Worcester polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609. Contact email: [email protected] O.S. BAIGENZHENOV is with the Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050013. Manuscript submitted March 3, 2017. Article published online November 21, 2017. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
Many scientific developments have occurred in the area of reclaiming platinum from waste. However, these methods often involve multiple stages, are energy intensive, and require high temperatures for their implementation.[1–3] Traditional methods of processing secondary raw materials and waste platinum in the form of scrap and chips are associated with the formation of highly toxic waste. These processes take a long time, and can involve manual labor under harmful conditions.[4] Among the various processes for the synthesis of compounds of platinum, electrochemical methods provide a better option. The main advantages of these methods are the reduction in the number of stages of the technological process and the possibility for the utilization of both solid and liquid types of secondary raw materials. These methods allow achieving the reduction of industrial effluent and harmful emissions and producing metal concentrates that require minimal costs for further processing. In modern applied electrochemistry, scientists have studied the electrochemical dissolution of platinum in aqueous solutions by various types of electrical currents.[5–10] The process of dissolution of platinum in acidic solutions with polarization by alternating current with low-current outputs has been shown in a previous study.[5] Baeshov and co-workers studied the behavior of a number of metals: Ti, Al, Pb, Fe, Mo, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Bi under polarization by an industrial alternating current at 50 Hz.[11–13] Their work indicates that when the metals are polarized by an alternating current, they can be transferred into a solution to form various compounds. It should be noted that earlier works[14–18] studied the electrochemical behavior of palladium in ind
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