Radiation of Chiral Gold Nanotubes under the Influence of Alternating Electric Current
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RETICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Radiation of Chiral Gold Nanotubes under the Influence of Alternating Electric Current P. N. D’yachkova, * aKurnakov
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received May 4, 2020; revised May 27, 2020; accepted May 29, 2020
Abstract—In chiral gold nanotubes, alternating electric current generates an electromagnetic field; under these conditions, the nanotubes become emitting solenoid nanoantennas. With the use of the Maxwell equations and taking into account the geometry of nanotubes, their band structure, and the ballistic model of electron transfer, we have calculated the alternating axial magnetic and azimuthal electric fields generated by helical currents in chiral gold nanotubes. The calculations demonstrate that large alternating magnetic and electric fields can be generated in nanoscale volumes of gold nanotubes and that the eigenfrequencies of the field components are in the X-ray range. Keywords: modeling, gold nanotubes, chirality, nanosolenoids, nanoantennas, electromagnetic fields, radiation DOI: 10.1134/S0036023620110042
The synthesis of single-walled gold nanotubes [1– 5] aroused great interest in their technological application. Chiral nanotubes formed by helical atomic chains with a helical periodicity are of interest as nanosolenoids [6–16]. Calculations have shown that direct currents in gold tubes of infinite or finite length can be used to generate strong constant magnetic fields in nanoscale volumes [14–16]. If an alternating electric current is passed through the tube, new effects should arise. This work is aimed at evaluating the generation of electromagnetic fields in nanotubes under the action of alternating current. In this case, the nanotubes become emitting solenoid nanoantennas. It should be noted that AC macroscopic solenoids are widely used to generate radio frequency fields and fields for creating electrodeless discharge in gas, in spectrochemical analysis, and in plasma chemical synthesis. In [13], using the example of multi-walled carbon nanotube– copper composite, the properties and possible application of emitting nanoantennas have been considered. COMPUTATIONAL DETAILS Let us consider a chiral tube with the applied voltage U = U0 exp(–iωt) and current I = I0 exp(–iωt) with an angular frequency ω (Fig. 1). We assume that the tube is long enough so that the end effects can be neglected. It is required to calculate the electric and magnetic fields E and B inside the nanotube. The elec-
tromagnetic properties of such a system should depend on the geometry and electrical conductivity of the nanomaterial. The geometry of the golden tube is characterized by two integer indices (n1, n2), where n1 > 0 and 0 ≤ n2 ≤ n1. If n2 > 0 and n2 ≠ n1, then the tube is chiral and suitable for creating a nanosolenoid. In nanotubes, the n1 + n2 value is equal to the number of gold atomic chains wrapped around the axis of the tube. The geometry of chiral tubes can also be characterized
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