Distributed Network Systems From Concepts to Implementations

This textbook covers both theoretical and practical aspects of distributed computing. It describes the client-server model for developing distributed network systems, the communication paradigms used in a distributed network system, and the principle

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Network Theory and Applications Volume 15 Managing Editors: Ding-Zhu Du University of Minnesota, U.S.A. Cauligi Raghavendra University of Southern Califorina, U.S.A.

DISTRIBUTED NETWORK SYSTEMS From Concepts to Implementations

by

WEIJIA JIA City University of Hong Kong, P.R. China WANLEI ZHOU Deakin University, Australia

Springer

eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:

0-387-23840-9 0-387-23839-5

©2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. Print ©2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. Boston All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America

Visit Springer's eBookstore at: and the Springer Global Website Online at:

http://ebooks.springerlink.com http://www.springeronline.com

Contents Preface

xvii

Acknowledgements

xxi

Biography of Authors

xxiii

Table of Figures

xxv

Chapter 1 Overview of Distributed Network Systems 1.1 Distributed Systems 1.2 Computer Networks 1.2.1 Network History 1.2.2 Network Architecture 1.2.3 Network Fault Tolerance 1.3 Protocols and QoS 1.4 Software for Distributed Computing 1.4.1 Traditional Client-Server Model 1.4.2 Web-Based Distributed Computing Models 1.4.3 Web-based Client-Server Computing 1.5 The Agent-Based Computing Models 1.6 Summary Exercises

1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 9 10 12 13

Chapter 2 Modelling for Distributed Network Systems: The Client-Server Model 15 2.1 Issues Leading to the Client-Server Model 2.2 The Client-Server Model in a Distributed Computing System 2.2.1 Basic Concepts 2.2.2 Features and Problems of the Client-Server Model 2.3 Cooperation between Clients and Servers 2.3.1 Cooperation Type and Chained Server 2.3.2 Multiple Servers 2.4 Extensions to the Client-Server Model 2.4.1 Agents and Indirect Client-Server Cooperation 2.4.2 The Three-Tier Client-Server Architecture 2.5 Service Discovery 2.5.1 Hardwiring Computer Address 2.5.2 Broadcast Approach 2.5.3 Name Server Approach 2.5.4 Broker-Based Location Lookup 2.6 Client-Server Interoperability 2.7 The Relationship 2.8 Summary

15 16 16 17 18 18 19 20 20 22 24 25 25 26 27 28 29 30

vi Exercises

Chapter 3 Communication Paradigms for Distributed Network Systems 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Message Passing Communication 3.2.1 What is a Message? 3.2.2 Message-Passing Mechanisms 3.2.2.1 Basic Message-Passing Primitives 3.2.2.2 Direct and Indirect Communication Ports 3.2.2.3 Blocking versus Non-blocking Primitives 3.2.2.4 Buffered versus Unbuffered Message Passing Primitives 3.2.2.5 Unreliable versus Reliable Primitives 3.2.3 Structured Forms of Message-Passing Based Communication 3.3 Remote Procedure Calls 3.3.1 Executing Remote Procedure Calls 3.3.2 Basic Features and Properties 3.3.3 Parameters and Results in RPCs 3.3.3.1 Representation of Parameters and Results 3.3.3.2 Marshalling Parameters and Results 3.3.4 Client Server Binding 3.4 Message Passing versus Remote Procedure Calls 3.5 Group Communication 3.5.1 Basic Concepts 3.5.1.1 Grou