Distributed Systems for System Architects
The primary audience for this book are advanced undergraduate students and graduate students. Computer architecture, as it happened in other fields such as electronics, evolved from the small to the large, that is, it left the realm of low-level hardware
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ADVANCES IN DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING AND MIDDLEWARE Consulting Editors Prof. John A. Stankovic University of Virginia Dept of Computer Science Charlottesville, V A 22903-2442 stankovic @cs. virginia.edu
Dr. Richard E. Schantz Principal Scientist B B N Technologies Cambridge, M A 02138 [email protected]
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS FOR SYSTEM ARCHITECTS
by
Paulo Verissimo University ofLisboa, Portugal
Luis Rodrigues University ofLisboa, Portugal
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, L L C
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Venssimo, Paulo, 1956Distributed systems for system architects / Paulo Venssimo, Luis Rodrigues. p. cm.--(Advances in distributed computing and middleware; distl) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-5666-0 ISBN 978-1-4615-1663-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-1663-7 1. Electronic data processin-Distributed processing. I. Rodrigues, Luis, 1963- n Title. III. Series. QA76.9.D5 V45 2000 005'.36—dc21 00-052178 Copyright © 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publisher in 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2001 A l l rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher,
Printed on acid-free paper.
A LUIsa,
ao Tiago e ao Vasco,
por esse tern po, em que
0
tempo era largo
To my parents, Vasco and Lurdes, my sister, Elsa, my wife, Ana, and my children, Hugo and Sara
Contents
Preface
xiii
Foreword
XXI
Part I
Distribution
1. DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS FOUNDATIONS 1.1 A Definition of Distributed Systems 1.2 Services of Distributed Systems 1.3 Distributed System Architectures 1.4 Formal Notions 1.5 Summary and Further Reading
3 3 10 11 17 20
2. DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM PARADIGMS 2.1 Naming and Addressing 2.2 Message Passing
21 21 26
Remote Operations Group Communication Time and Clocks Synchrony Ordering Coord ination Consistency Concurrency Atomicity Summary and Further Reading
28 31 35 43 49 60
3. MODELS OF DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING 3.1 Distributed Systems Frameworks 3.2 Strategies for Distributed Systems 3.3 Asynchronous Models
89 89 97 101
2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12
3.4
Synchronous Models
70 81 85 87
103
vii
viii
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS FOR SYSTEM ARCHITECTS
3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10
Classes of Distributed Activities Client-Server with RPC Group-Oriented Distributed Shared Memory Message Buses Summary and Further Reading
104 108 115 123 129 131
4. DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS AND PLATFORMS 4.1 Name and Directory Services 4.2 Distributed File Systems 4.3 Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) 4.4 Object-Oriented Environments (CORBA) 4.5 World-Wide Web 4.6 Groupware Systems 4.7 Summary and Further Reading
133 133 139 146 148 151 154 155
5. CASE STUDY: VP'63 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Initial System and First Steps 5.3 Distributed Computing Approaches 5.4 Distribution of Data Repositories 5.5 Distributed Fi
